Research of the pharmacological effects of total glycoside of cistanche
Mar 06, 2022
For more information:ali.ma@wecistanche.com
Keywords: total glycosides of cistanche; pharmacological effects; research status, Cistanche
Total Glycoside of Cistanche is a class of compounds extracted from the Cistanche herb, which is composed of caffeic acid, glycosyl, and Cistanche Glycoside. Research shows that Total Glycoside of Cistanche can improve learning and cognitive function, protect myocardial ischemia, Anti-oxidation, scavenge free radicals in vitro, increase human immunity, delay aging, and other functions. This article reviews the research on the pharmacological effects of Total Glycoside of Cistanche in recent years and serves as a reference for related research and clinical applications.
1 the source of Total Glycoside of Cistanche
Cistanche is a fleshy stem with scaly leaves of Cistanche, a perennial parasitic seed plant, commonly known as Dayun. It is warm in nature, sweet in taste, salty, and is returned to the kidney and large intestine channel. Cistanche herb has the effects of nourishing kidney yang, nourishing essence and blood, and moisturizing the intestines. Modern pharmacological research shows that Cistanche can improve sexual function, regulate neuroendocrine, and improve the body's Immune function, anti-oxidation, promotion of substance metabolism, anti-Alzheimer's disease, anti-Parkinson's disease, and other functions. Analyzes and studies the chemical components of meat from Cistanche herb, and separates various types of substances, such as polysaccharides, Cistanche Total Glycoside, cycloalkenes, lignans, alkaloids, volatile components, etc. Cistanche Total Glycoside is the main active ingredient of Cistanche and the main inspection index for quality control of Cistanche products.
2 Pharmacological effects of Total Glycoside of Cistanche
2.1 Antioxidant and anti-aging
Research in recent years believes that aging is closely related to the lipid peroxidation of biological membranes caused by free radicals. Wang Xiaowen et al. pointed out that Total Glycoside of Cistanche has a protective effect on eliminating free radicals in vitro and DNA damage caused by 0H, and speculated that the multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups contained in the molecules of Cistanche Glycoside substances can combine with free radicals in the body to inhibit serum, The decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase in the brain inhibits the increase in liver and serum malondialdehyde content, reduces the accumulation of free radicals in the body, and protects the body from peroxidation damage. Further research results show that Cistanche Total Glycoside can delay the aging effect of aging mice by regulating the balance of oxidation/antioxidation in the body of aging mice. It is speculated that this is related to the protective effect of SOD and lipid antioxidant effect. Related.
Total Glycoside of Cistanche anti-aging
2.2 Neuroprotection
The pathogenesis of central nervous degenerative diseases is complex, and free radicals and apoptosis are currently accepted theories of aging. Total Glycoside of Cistanche can promote the proliferation of neural stem cells, and Lian Juanqi believes that Total Glycoside of Cistanche can improve the plasticity of synapses and maintain the number of vertebral cells. The effect of Total Glycoside of Cistanche on the synaptic morphological plasticity of hippocampal neurons in rapidly aging mice, thereby improving the learning and cognitive ability of mice. Total Glycoside of Cistanche can increase the number of normal vertebral cells in the CA1 region of the mouse hippocampus, increase the number of synaptic dendritic spines, and improve the morphological plasticity of synapses. Total Glycoside of Cistanche can also reduce the content of malondialdehyde in brain tissue, increase the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, protect cells from damage, and inhibit B lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) related The expression of protein X (Bax) promotes the expression of Bel-2, thereby increasing the survival rate of vertebral cells in the hippocampus.
Total Glycoside of Cistanche has the effect of improving the learning ability of a variety of AD mouse models, can significantly improve the neurobehavior of Parkinson model mice, inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase and Ca2+ content in the hippocampus of rats, and maintain the normal level of acetylcholine in the brain It also improves the rat’s learning and memory ability, improves the rat’s learning and memory ability, inhibits the decrease in the number of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, enhances the activity of free radical scavenging enzymes, prevents lipid peroxidation, and inhibits B-amyloid peptide in the brain Deposition, inhibits brain cell apoptosis.
2.3 Anti-high altitude pulmonary edema and cerebral edema
Chronic hypoxia causes hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction, and pulmonary vascular remodeling, which in turn leads to high altitude pulmonary hypertension. Tao Yicun administered Cistanche Total Glycoside to rats for 10 days. On the 8th day, a rat model of high altitude pulmonary edema was established to observe the pathological changes in the lung tissues of rats in each group. The results show that CistancheTotal Glycoside can improve the pathological changes of pulmonary edema in rats with high altitude pulmonary edema, reduce the water content of lung tissue, reduce the content of inflammatory factors, and malondialdehyde in lung homogenate, and increase superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Oxidase activity suggests that Cistanche Total Glycoside may improve pulmonary edema in rats through anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, Cistanche Total Glycoside can also significantly improve the symptoms of hypertension in rats with high altitude pulmonary hypertension, suggesting that it has a certain effect on the treatment of high altitude pulmonary hypertension.
Total Glycoside of Cistanche can also prevent and treat high altitude cerebral edema in rats. Luo Xin et al. gave rats intragastric administration for ten days. On the eighth day, a high-altitude environment was simulated for 72 hours to create a plateau brain edema model. The brain tissue water content, the content of inflammatory factors in the brain tissue homogenate, the content of malondialdehyde, The content of superoxide dismutase, and the activity of glutathione peroxidase suggest that Cistanche can be used as a potential drug to prevent high altitude cerebral edema.
2.4 Ischemia-reperfusion
Studies have shown that ischemia-reperfusion is a common pathophysiological phenomenon of renal damage after surgery. Zhu Jun et al. 3] established a rat model of ischemic shock resuscitation. After intraperitoneal injection of Cistanche Glycoside compounds extracted from Cistanche, rats The expression of X-chromosome-linked apoptosis-inhibiting protein in kidney tissue is significantly increased, which inhibits the process of renal cell apoptosis. The alcoholic extract of meat glutinous rice can also reduce the atrophy of the adrenal cortex and the swelling of renal tubular epithelial cells caused by hormones, and protect renal function. Normal activities, increase the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the myocardium, reduce the damage of myocardial ultrafine structure, reduce the content of lipid peroxide (LPO); significantly improve the electrocardiogram of myocardial ischemic rats, and reduce The area of myocardial infarction increases the activity of creatine kinase in myocardial tissue. At the same time, in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model, Total Glycoside of Cistanche can reduce the expression of excitatory amino acids in the brain tissue, and has a protective effect on the brain tissue of SD rats.
2.5 Improve immunity effect
Jiang Xiaoyan et al. "know to observe the effect of Total Glycoside of Cistanche on the ultrastructural changes of the thymus, spleen, and testis in mice after Co7 radiation. The results show that the Total Glycoside of Cistanche can significantly promote the thymus, spleen, and testis in mice after irradiation. Damage to biological membranes and organelles. It is suggested that the Total Glycoside of Cistanche protects the ultrastructure of sensitive organs in irradiated mice by anti-oxidation, promotes DNA and RNA synthesis. Delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice can enhance the proliferation of T lymphocytes and the activity of interleukin 2, increasing the thymus index, thereby maintaining the normal function of T lymphocytes.
2.6 Protect the liver and protect the liver.
Liver fibrosis is a process of damage and repair after repeated or chronic damage to the liver. Most liver diseases develop into advanced liver cirrhosis after liver fibrosis. Studies have found that Total Glycoside of Cistanche inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-BB-mediated rat liver by regulating the expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway Stellate cell proliferation and activation, thereby inhibiting the process of liver fibrosis.
2.7 Treatment of spermatogenesis disorders
After Zhao Donghai et al. "Injected cyclophosphamide into mice to create a mouse model of spermatogenesis disorder, the mice were gavaged with phenethyl alcohol back from Roucong Rong. The results showed that Cistanche Total Glycoside could promote the sperm density and sperm density of mice in each dose group. Sperm motility, increase the level of testosterone in the testicular tissue homogenate, the structure of the testis is clear, and the spermatogenic cells are arranged neatly, tightly, and regularly. Liang Hualun [manufacturing] established an in vitro sperm oxidative damage model and used Raman spectroscopy to detect the DNA of the sperm nucleus Change, to explore the effect of Cistanche Total Glycoside on sperm oxidative damage. The results of the study showed that the Raman spectrum intensity and spectral peak shift of the oxidatively damaged sperm cell nucleus changed significantly. After Cistanche Glycoside was administered, the Raman spectrum intensity and spectral peak shift The changes are significantly inhibited, which proves that Cistanche Total Glycoside can inhibit the oxidative damage caused by strong oxidants to human sperm DNA to a certain extent.
2.8 Other Pharmacological effects
As the main active ingredient of Cistanche extract, Total Glycoside of Cistanche also has the effects of analgesia, anti-inflammatory, anti-fatigue, and sexual improvement.
3 Discussion
With the aging of our country's population and the increase in people's health needs, the Cistanche herb, as a valuable Chinese medicinal material, has a high medicinal value and has broad prospects and significance in the development and utilization of medicines and health foods. In recent years, great progress has been made in the study of Cistanche's pharmacological effects and chemical components. As the main active ingredients, the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Cistanche have also received more and more attention. On this basis, more in-depth research should be conducted on its specific mechanism of action.
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