What Is Chronic Kidney Disease?
May 06, 2022
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Chronic kidney disease is not a disease, but a collective term for a group of diseases, such as chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, lupus erythematosus nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, diabetic nephropathy, and hypertensive nephropathy. Chronic kidney disease is a slowly developing disease that can be divided into 5 stages according to the impairment of kidney function. The key to looking at two indicators -
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Refers to the amount of filtrate (original urine) produced by the two kidneys per unit of time, and is one of the most accurate indicators to measure kidney function. The lower the value, the worse the kidney function.
Serum creatinine (Cr)
Creatinine is a small molecule that can be filtered through the glomerulus and is rarely absorbed in the kidney tubules. Clinically, serum creatinine is an important indicator of kidney function, and the higher the value, the higher the degree of kidney damage.
01. Existing kidney damage, but normal GFR
Normal kidney function, but abnormal urine test, edema, proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension, and other conditions may occur, GFR≥90ml/min, serum creatinine is normal. During this period, except for edema and high blood pressure, which will make the patient feel uncomfortable, the rest are quiet and the easiest to cure. However, many patients will delay the disease and miss the opportunity for treatment because of the lack of pain and itching, and the lack of regular physical examinations.
02. Slight decrease in GFR
This stage is the early stage of kidney insufficiency, which belongs to mild chronic kidney disease. GFR is 60~89ml/min, and serum creatinine value is between 133~177μmol/L. At this time, the kidneys are abnormal, but the kidneys have a strong compensatory function, and the damaged part can be replaced by the undamaged kidney function to meet the daily needs of the body. If timely and regular treatment is given, a clinical cure can be achieved at this stage. However, the patients themselves do not feel much strangeness, and treatment is often delayed.
03. Moderate decrease in GFR
During this period, the kidney function was abnormal, the GFR was 30~59ml/min, and the serum creatinine was basically between 186~442μmol/L. Patients are prone to various complications. Doctors will accurately assess the patient's condition, slow down the development of chronic kidney disease, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease due to kidney insufficiency.
04. Severe decrease in GFR
At this time, kidney function damage has entered an irreversible stage, GFR drops to 15-29 mL/min, and serum creatinine exceeds 451-707 μmol/L. The patient begins to feel obvious symptoms, such as anemia, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, etc. The focus of treatment has become to prevent the continued necrosis of kidney cells, protect the remaining kidney function, delay the arrival of uremia, and prepare for hemodialysis.
05. ESRD kidney failure
This stage is an end-stage kidney disease, commonly known as "uremia", GFR<15ml/min, and serum creatinine of most patients exceeds 707μmoI/L. At this stage, with the progressive decline of kidney function, toxins further accumulate in the body, which will cause various symptoms of uremia, such as nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, skin itching, bad breath, edema, etc., and anemia may occur. and a series of complications.
And due to the excessive accumulation of toxins in the blood, other organs have also begun to be damaged, and alternative treatments are needed in time: kidney transplantation, hemodialysis, or peritoneal dialysis.
These 6 signals may be your kidney's call for help
1 in 10 people may have chronic kidney disease. However, only 1 out of 10 patients know that they have the disease; many people are in the middle and late stages as soon as they find out... This is because the kidneys do not "call for pain". Doctors often say that the kidney is a "silent" organ because there is no distribution of pain nerves in it. Only the kidney capsule, ureter, and kidney pelvis have sensory nerve distribution. When the tension increases or the capsule is stretched, pain occurs.
Therefore, many chronic kidney disease patients do not feel that their kidneys have problems at all if they do not have the habit of regular check-ups at the beginning. But the kidneys are not completely silent. If our body has these 6 phenomena, we should pay attention! This may be the kidneys calling for help:
01. Edema
There are different degrees of edema - edema of the limbs, especially around the eye sockets after getting up in the morning, and severe patients may also experience body edema and sudden weight gain.
02. Abnormal urine output
A sudden increase or decrease in urine output may be a symptom of kidney disease. In particular, people who urinate 2-3 times or more at night should pay attention to the possibility of kidney disease.
03. Abnormal color and condition of urine
The urine of ordinary people are usually yellowish and clear, a bit like unfrozen beer. If the urine is red, chyle-like, or foamy, you should be vigilant. Although abnormal urine is not all caused by kidney disease, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible.
04. Hypertension
Hypertension is one of the manifestations of chronic kidney disease, and it may also lead to chronic kidney disease, which is one of its causes.
05. Gastrointestinal discomfort
Due to the retention of toxins, many patients with kidney disease will experience symptoms such as loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting. So when this happens, in addition to digestive problems, we should also pay attention to whether there is a problem with the kidneys.
06. Anemia
Due to kidney damage, kidney erythropoietic factors are reduced, and patients will develop kidney anemia. In addition, people with high blood pressure, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, gout, and overweight are all at high risk of chronic kidney disease! Pay attention to screening for chronic kidney disease.
7 Kidney-Injuring Behaviors
In life, what should we do to prevent chronic kidney disease? If we want to know what to do, we must first figure out what not to do. There are often the following 7 behaviors in life that may "empty" your kidneys!
01. Holding back urine
Urine in the bladder for too long will multiply bacteria, and the bacteria will retrograde through the ureter to the kidney, causing urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis, reflux nephritis, etc.
02. Don't like drinking water
Drink plenty of water so that the body can metabolize waste in the body through the kidneys. Drinking too little can cause inflammation of the urinary system in mild cases. In severe cases, it is difficult to discharge wastes metabolized in the kidneys in time, which can lead to a series of kidney diseases such as kidney stones and pyelonephritis. You must drink more water every day, and each person should drink 1500-1800 ml of water per day. If you sweat a lot after exercising, you can also increase the amount of water you drink.
03. Drink too many sugary drinks
Sugar-sweetened beverages can increase blood uric acid levels, cause gout, and increase the risk of high blood pressure and diabetes. High uric acid, high blood pressure, and diabetes are all risk factors for kidney health.
04. Too salty diet + big fish and big meat
A salty diet can easily lead to high blood pressure; high purines in big fish and meat can easily lead to high uric acid, which also increases the risk of high blood pressure, which in turn damages the kidneys.
05. Lack of sleep and overwork
People who lack sleep for a long time and are overworked have a much faster decline in kidney function than those who get enough sleep, and the risk of proteinuria is also higher. Moreover, disordered work and rest can easily lead to diseases such as obesity and high blood pressure, which in turn aggravate kidney damage.
06. Smoking
Smoking can cause damage to vascular endothelial cells, thereby damaging blood vessels throughout the body, including kidney blood vessels, and also causing kidney damage.
07. Taking medicine indiscriminately
Many drugs are metabolized by the kidneys, but many drugs in clinical practice can cause damage to the kidneys, such as antibiotics, pyrazole-type gastric drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as ibuprofen), anti-tumor drugs As well as traditional Chinese medicines containing "aristolochic acid". Long-term indiscriminate use of medicines is very harmful to the kidneys. In severe cases, it can cause drug-induced kidney failure.
Finally, I would like to remind everyone that it is also very important to regularly check urine routine and kidney function!
for more information:ali.ma@wecistanche.com
