Analysis Of Characteristics Of Chinese Medicine Hair-blacking Based On Data Mining
Jan 22, 2025
Abstract:
Objective: To analyze the characteristics of Chinese herbal compound prescriptions for white hair and black hair in the database of CNKI,and to summarize the law of Chinese medicine in hair-blacking with Chinese medicine． Methods: Search the relevant literature of Chinese medicine hair-blacking on CNKI,and enter the 2013 version of Excel to establish a database,summarize and summarize the compatibility, dosage,treatment course, precautions and adverse reactions of hair-blacking drugs in the literature． Ｒesults: CNKI screened 69 traditional Chinese medicine hair-blacking prescriptions,including 52 traditional Chinese medicine compound prescriptions for oral administration ( 120 Chinese medicines in total) and 17 compound prescriptions for external use ( 71 Chinese medicines in total) ． The most frequently used drug in oral prescriptions was Danggui ( Angelica,35 Times 9. 89% ) ,NYUzhenzi ( Ligustrum lucidum,29 times 8． 19% ) and Hanliancao ( Eclipta prostrate,27 times 7． 63% ) ． The drugs that are relatively frequently used in topical prescriptions are Baiji ( Ｒhizoma bletillae) ,Bingpian ( Borneol) and Baizhi ( Angelica dahurica) ; in terms of medication category,tonic Medicines ( 216 times 60． 67% ) accounted for the dominant position,followed by blood circulation and blood stasis medicine ( 89 times 25． 00% ) ． The drug pair combination with the highest correlation is Ligustrum lucidum-Eclipta prostrata-Angelica,followed by Angelica-Ｒehmannia glutinosa; in oral prescriptions,the dosage of the top 5 Chinese medicines with the highest frequency is 90 － 100 g ( 65% ) ． Ligustrum lucidum is mainly concentrated in 15 － 30 g ( 50% ) ,Eclipta prostrata dose is mainly in 15 － 30 g ( 76% ) ,Polygonum multiflorum dose is mostly in 15 － 35 g ( 43% ) ,black sesame dose is mostly concentrated in 20 － 30 g ( 48% ) ; among the 52 oral prescriptions obtained through screening,the course of medication was mostly concentrated in 3 to 4 weeks ( 60% ) ． Conclusion: In the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine hair-blacking,Yin tonifying and blood tonic drugs are the mainstays,followed by activating blood and removing blood stasis drugs and Heat-clearing drugs． It also assists external application,massage,and medicine pillow treatment when taken internally．
Keywords: Chinese medicine; hair-blacking; white hair; date mining
Chinese herbal compound prescriptions for white hair and black hair
Hair is an important part of the human body. It protects the scalp and resists cold. It is also indispensable for the beauty of the external image. "Lingshu·Yin Yang Wuyan Wuwei" says: "Above the foot yangming, if the blood and qi are abundant, the beard is beautiful and long; if the blood is less and the qi is more, the beard is short. Therefore, if the qi is less and the blood is more, the beard is short; if the blood and qi are both less, there is no beard." This reveals the simple understanding of hair by the ancients [1].
"Zhubingyuanhou Lun" also mentions: "The Chong and Ren meridians are the sea of the twelve meridians, which is called the sea of blood. Its collaterals are on the lips and mouth. If the blood is abundant, the beard and hair will be beautiful; if the blood and qi are weak, the meridians are exhausted and cannot be nourished, so the beard and hair will fall out [2]. Therefore, traditional Chinese medicine believes that the abundance of human essence and blood is the basis for the moisture of hair. If the essence and blood are weak, clinical manifestations such as hair dryness and falling will appear [3].
Hoary hair disease is relatively common in the modern population, and can occur in both teenagers and the elderly. In recent years, the incidence rate has increased year by year, but there is no better treatment method. There are many methods and prescriptions for the clinical treatment of gray hair in traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, the collected data were sorted, analyzed and counted to explore the clinical application characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine for black hair.
1 Data and methods
1. 1 Literature search and prescription screening
The search was conducted in the CNKI database with the themes of "traditional Chinese medicine", "black hair" and "white hair" from 2000 to 2020. A total of 138 documents were retrieved, of which only 75 documents met the criteria, and 69 prescriptions were obtained, including 17 for external use and 52 for internal use.
1. 2 Literature inclusion criteria
Literature related to the clinical treatment of gray hair with traditional Chinese medicine, and containing traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions; animal experiments, cell experiments, literature without specific drug composition or single traditional Chinese medicine use were excluded, and the modified prescriptions were discarded; repeated clinical compound prescriptions were only included once.
1. 3 Data processing
The prescriptions were divided into oral and external use. Since the number of external prescriptions was small and not statistically significant, this paper only conducted statistical analysis on oral prescriptions. The Chinese medicines appearing in the oral prescriptions were entered into the 2013 version of Excel to establish a Chinese medicine black hair database for data analysis. The drug names, classifications, and effects were summarized and unified with reference to the 2015 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China [4] and the Chinese Materia Medica [5]. For example, Eclipta prostrata and Eclipta oleracea were unified as Eclipta prostrata, Polygonum multiflorum and
Wu were unified as Polygonum multiflorum, Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Rehmanniae, and Radix Rehmanniae were unified as Radix Rehmanniae, and Cortex Moutan and Cortex Moutan were unified as Cortex Moutan. The Chinese medicines and their processed products whose nature, flavor, meridians, etc. changed before and after processing were counted separately. For example, Radix Rehmanniae nourishes yin and produces body fluid, clears heat and cools blood; Radix Rehmanniae is slightly warm in nature and specializes in nourishing blood, nourishing yin, and replenishing essence and filling marrow.
1. 4 Statistical methods
All the entered Chinese medicines were classified and sorted, and the statistical software Clementine 12.0 was used for regularity analysis.
2 Results
2.1 Statistical analysis of the frequency of use of traditional Chinese medicine for hair-blackening internal prescriptions
Statistical analysis of single medicines in internal prescriptions showed that the five medicines with relatively high frequency of use were Angelica sinensis (35 times, 9.89%), Ligustrum lucidum (29 times, 8.19%), Eclipta prostrata (27 times, 7.63%), Polygonum multiflorum (23 times, 6.50%), and Cuscuta australis (17 times, 4.80%). In the analysis of drug categories, the top three drugs with the highest frequency of use were tonic drugs (216 times, 60.67%), blood-activating and blood-stasis-removing drugs (89 times, 25.00%), and wind-heat-dispersing drugs (61 times, 17.13%). For details, please see Table 1 and Table 2.
Table 1: Analysis of Drug Usage in Internal Medicine
| Drug Name | Frequency (times) | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Current | 13 | 23.21 |
| Biological | 7 | 12.50 |
| Traditional | 6 | 10.71 |
| Black Fungus | 4 | 7.14 |
| Others | 21 | 37.50 |
| Total | 56 | 100 |
Table 2: Classification Statistics of Drug Usage in Internal Medicine
| Drug Category | Frequency (times) | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Supplementary Drugs | 216 | 67.67 |
| Antipyretics | 15 | 4.99 |
| Anti-inflammatory | 12 | 3.97 |
| Antiviral | 10 | 3.31 |
| Antibacterial | 8 | 2.64 |
| Others | 26 | 8.59 |
| Total | 320 | 100 |
2.2 Statistical analysis of association rules of high-frequency drugs in traditional Chinese medicine black hair prescriptions
The SPAA Clementine 12.0 statistical software was used to perform association rule analysis on high-frequency drugs (frequency of use ≥ 7 times), and the support was set to 15%, the confidence was 100%, the maximum number of preceding items was selected to be 5, and the lift value was ≥ 1. Apriori modeling was used to explore the potential compatibility relationship between traditional Chinese medicines [6]. A total of 9 drug pair combinations were obtained. The detailed results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3: Statistical Analysis of High-Frequency Drug Combinations (Frequency ≥ 7)
| Drug Combination | Support Degree | Position Degree | Confidence Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Estrogen - Mifepristone | 15.38 | 1.00 | 0.08 |
| Estrogen - Methotrexate | 15.38 | 1.00 | 0.08 |
| Estrogen - Progesterone | 15.38 | 1.00 | 0.08 |
| Estrogen - Cyproterone | 15.38 | 1.00 | 0.08 |
| Estrogen - Letrozole | 15.38 | 1.00 | 0.08 |
| Estrogen - Tamoxifen | 15.38 | 1.00 | 0.08 |
| Estrogen - Anastrozole | 15.38 | 1.00 | 0.08 |
2.3 Dosage of medication
The dosage of medication plays a very important role in the treatment process. Whether the dosage is appropriate directly affects the overall efficacy, especially for toxic and strong drugs. If you are not careful, it will cause serious consequences. The prescriptions containing dosage size were selected from the literature that met the requirements, and the dosages of the top 5 Chinese medicines with the highest frequency of use were summarized. Angelica sinensis 90-100 g (65%), Ligustrum lucidum 15-30 g (50%), Eclipta prostrata 15-30 g (76%), Polygonum multiflorum 15-35 g (43%), black sesame 20-30 g (48%).
2.4 Course of medication
In the clinical application process, the course of medication should be adjusted according to the patient's constitution, recovery status, and drug characteristics. Among the 52 oral prescriptions screened, the course of treatment was mostly concentrated in 1 month, and some courses were as long as 3 months. The detailed results are shown in Table 4.
2.5 Adverse reactions and precautions
Many Chinese medicines have adverse reactions to varying degrees. The hepatotoxic effect of Polygonum multiflorum is the most obvious. Long-term use can cause adverse reactions such as liver damage and hepatitis [7]. It also has a stimulating effect on the gastrointestinal tract, leading to diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting symptoms [8].
After taking the medicine, due to the different constitutions of patients and their adaptability to the medicine, there will be different degrees of adverse reactions. For example, patients may have acute irritability, scalp tenderness, delayed menstruation, dark color and clots, abdominal pain during menstruation, dark red tongue, and sluggish pulse [9].
Precautions: Patients should maintain a cheerful personality and a good mood, overcome negative emotions such as pessimism and disappointment; strengthen physical exercise in daily life to improve the body's immunity and disease resistance.
3 Discussion
White hair is divided into congenital white hair and acquired white hair. Congenital gray hair refers to hair that is white after birth. It usually has a clear family history of inheritance and is still difficult to treat. Acquired gray hair has a wide range and many causes. Common causes of gray hair in adolescents include kidney deficiency and blood weakness, liver and kidney deficiency, qi and blood deficiency, emotional fatigue, etc. [10]. The Treatise on the Origin and Symptoms of Various Diseases states: "When the qi of the foot Shaoyin kidney meridian is strong, the hair becomes moist and black, while when the blood is deficient, the hair turns white." The Suwen: The Treatise on Ancient Innocence states: "When a girl is seven years old, her kidney qi is strong, her teeth grow longer… At six or seven, the three yang pulses weaken on the upper part, the face becomes burnt, and the hair begins to turn white [11]." Statistical data show that among the Chinese medicines used for the clinical treatment of gray hair and premature graying of hair, the top five most frequently used are Angelica sinensis (blood tonic), Ligustrum lucidum (yin tonic), Eclipta prostrata (yin tonic), Polygonum multiflorum (blood tonic), and Cuscuta australis (yang tonic); the most frequently used drug category is tonic drugs, followed by blood-activating and blood-stasis-removing drugs. In clinical practice, based on the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment, the selected therapeutic drugs are exactly consistent with the etiology and pathogenesis of gray hair, and drugs that nourish the liver and kidney, replenish qi and blood, and nourish the heart and spleen are selected for treatment.
Table 4: Analysis of Medication Procedures
| Medication Procedure | Frequency (times) | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 Month | 31 | 59.62 |
| 2 Months | 15 | 28.85 |
| 3 Months | 6 | 11.54 |
According to the association analysis rules, there are 9 core drug combinations with strong associations. The confidence can reflect the accuracy of association rule prediction, indicating that clinical practice should focus on the compatibility of drugs with strong associations. The drug pair combination with the strongest association strength is Ligustrum lucidum - Ecliptae - Angelica sinensis (yin-tonifying drug - yin-tonifying drug - blood-tonifying drug). It can be concluded that when selecting drugs for black hair in clinical practice, emphasis should be placed on tonifying the liver and kidney, tonifying blood, and promoting blood circulation. Blood-tonifying drugs and yin-tonifying drugs should be used together. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that gray hair is mostly due to excessive blood heat. Young people have strong yang energy, which easily consumes yin blood, resulting in blood deficiency and dryness, and hair malnutrition, resulting in premature graying of hair; or due to liver and kidney yin deficiency, insufficient essence and blood, or insufficient qi and blood, causing hair to turn white; or due to blood stasis, hair malnutrition and premature graying [12]. Therefore, in clinical practice, drugs that tonify yin blood and promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis are often used to treat black hair.
Dong Yiyu et al. [13] found that TCM has a definite effect in treating gray hair. The treatment methods are diverse, including oral administration, external washing, acupuncture, massage, etc. A variety of methods can be used in combination for treatment, and oral and external drugs are often used together. Oral drugs are mainly used to nourish the liver and kidney, replenish qi and blood, and nourish yin. External drugs are mainly used to replenish deficiency and clear heat. Sometimes acupuncture treatment is used as an auxiliary, and a certain therapeutic effect has been achieved. Based on the prescriptions of TCM clinical treatment of black hair, this paper establishes a relevant database to summarize and analyze the prescriptions of TCM black hair, conducts a preliminary discussion on the treatment of gray hair, and finds the potential compatibility relationship between drugs through drug correlation, providing a reference for clinical drug use.
