Current Situation Analysis And Prospect Of Feed Additive Industry With Plant Extract Derived From Traditional Chinese Medicine

1.5 Problems in the development of plant extract feed additives

1.5.1 There is a potential trend of competing with human medicines for resources[9]

china has a large population base and a large demand for livestock and poultry products such as meat, eggs, and milk, which has led to the continuous expansion of the scale of the breeding industry. At the same time, with the increasing demand of consumers for green breeding products and the formal implementation of the national "antibiotic ban in feed" policy, Chinese medicinal resources with natural sources, definite efficacy, and no drug resistance have become important raw materials for green functional feed products. Because feed additives and other feed products need to be used for a long time, and the share of Chinese medicinal feed products is gradually increasing, the demand for Chinese medicinal resources in the breeding industry will show explosive growth. According to statistics, the number of live pigs in china reached 430 million in 2018, the number of laying hens in April 2019 reached 1.062 billion, and the total amount of feed additives reached 10.95 million tons[7,18]. It is estimated that in the next 5 to 10 years, the demand for Chinese medicine resources in the aquaculture industry will exceed the current human consumption[9]. In addition, the plant-based feed additives and application research currently included in the "Feed Additive Variety Catalog" are mostly concentrated on varieties such as Eucommia ulmoides, Epimedium, Licorice, Astragalus, Perilla seeds, and Taraxacum officinale[10], showing a highly concentrated demand for resources. Therefore, with the continued growth of the scale of the plant-based feed additive industry, resources will inevitably become tight and animals and humans will compete for medicine.

Cistanche plant extract feed additive industry In xinjiang, China

1.5.2 High requirements for raw material costs

The raw materials of the plant extract feed additive industry come from agriculture, and the products are consumed by the aquaculture industry. It is a typical two-end agricultural industry, so the overall profit margin of the industry is relatively low[19]. With the expected continued growth of the scale of the plant extract feed additive industry, the demand for resources will increase year by year. At the same time, in the post-epidemic era, traditional Chinese medicine is increasingly recognized by the world, and the demand for Chinese medicine resources will continue to increase[20]. The demand side will lead to an expected increase in raw material costs, further reducing the overall benefits of the industry, which is not conducive to the healthy and sustainable development of the plant extract feed additive industry[21]. Therefore, screening Chinese medicinal materials with large reserves and low prices, as well as Chinese medicinal by-products with large reserves produced in the medicinal material production process as raw materials for the development of feed additives will become an important direction for achieving sustainable development of the industry in the future.

2 Strategies and prospects for the development of plant extract feed additives

The use of Chinese veterinary medicine under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory has a long history. The Chinese people have explored Chinese medicine for thousands of years. The "Shennong Bencao Jing" records that "feeding pigs with tung leaves will make them three times fatter and easier to raise"; the "Compendium of Materia Medica" records that "Wu Yao can cure all kinds of diseases of pigs and dogs, and can be ground and taken orally" [19].
There are abundant medicinal plant resources. The "Catalogue of Feed Raw Materials" issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs alone includes 117 "natural plants that can be fed". At the same time, the plant chemical composition is complex and rich in a variety of secondary metabolites and primary metabolites, which have both drug treatment and nutritional effects.

Modern research shows that the application of Chinese medicine extracts in livestock, poultry and aquaculture can not only prevent and treat diseases, promote growth, enhance resistance, and improve the quality of livestock and poultry products, but also regulate multiple targets and are not easy to produce drug resistance.
Therefore, with the implementation of china's "antibiotic ban in feed" and "antibiotic restriction in breeding" policies, plant extract feed additives will become the new main force after antibiotics and chemical synthetic drug feed additives [1,5].

2.1 Material component feed additive product development extracted from Chinese medicinal resources

Plant sugars, phenolic acids, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids and other natural product components are important biologically active substances in Chinese medicinal resources. They have been widely concerned and developed and utilized in economic animal production processes and related fields at home and abroad, forming a unique group of high-value-added functional feed products [4]. This type of product has the characteristics of natural source, wide range and low resistance to drugs, and is a hot spot for research and development of new feed additives.

The plant component extracts included in the "Feed Additive Variety Catalog" can be divided into two categories. One category is a single material component, such as curcumin component, allicin component, natural lutein component, rattan tea flavonoid component, tea polyphenol component, etc. Curcumin is a dibenzylheptane chemical component prepared from the rhizome of turmeric. Its main components are curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, and the sum of the mass fractions of the three is not less than 95%. It is mainly used in the production of freshwater fish and broiler chickens. It can promote the absorption of nutrients, improve production performance, and enhance antioxidant and disease resistance [22]. Allicin is derived from the bulb of garlic and is known as a "natural broad-spectrum antibiotic". Its main components are a large class of organic sulfur compounds such as allicin and alliin [23]. It can not only effectively ensure feed quality, improve feed flavor and increase animal feed intake, but also enhance animal disease resistance and promote growth and development [24-25]. The natural lutein component extracted from the marigold head inflorescence is mainly composed of lutein esters, zeaxanthin, epoxides, etc. The national standard GB/T 21517-2008 "Feed Additive Lutein" stipulates that natural lutein can be used in the feed industry, mainly to increase the color of animal-derived foods[26]. In 2013, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs' Announcement No. 2045 expanded the application scope of natural lutein to aquatic animals, where it can be used to improve the body color of aquatic animals. At the same time, as a vitamin precursor, it can enhance antioxidant capacity, improve animal health and promote growth[27-28].

Another type of plant components included is a complex component formed by multiple substance components, such as Eucommia leaf extract, alfalfa extract, perilla seed extract, saccharide terpenoids, and epimedium extract. The Eucommia leaf extract prepared from the leaves of Eucommia ulmoides is mainly composed of phenolic acids, polysaccharides, and flavonoids; the alfalfa extract prepared from the aboveground parts of alfalfa Medicago sativa L. is mainly composed of polysaccharides, flavonoids, and saponins; the perilla seed extract obtained by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction from the fruit of Perilla frutescens is composed of multiple components such as unsaturated fatty acids and flavonoids, mainly α-linoleic acid and linolenic acid; the saccharide terpenoids prepared from camellia seed meal are composed of multiple components such as saponins, polysaccharides, and organic acids. The above-mentioned multi-component extracts are used in a variety of livestock, poultry, aquatic animals, and pets, and play a good role in promoting growth, improving feed conversion rate, enhancing disease resistance, enhancing antioxidant capacity, and reducing mortality rate [29-31].

Literature research has found that the current research on the feeding functions of plant component extracts is relatively rich. Single-component extracts include plant polysaccharide components: mulberry leaf polysaccharide, Cistanche polysaccharide, Astragalus polysaccharide and Gynostemma pentaphyllum polysaccharide; flavonoid components: mulberry leaf flavonoids, Artemisia argyi flavonoids and Hawthorn flavonoids; saponin components: Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponin, Panax notoginseng saponin and Astragalus saponin. Multi-component extracts include orange peel extract, dandelion extract, Astragalus extract, Portulaca oleracea extract, etc. See Table 4 for details. In addition, plant saponins can inhibit the growth of protozoa and methanogenic bacteria in the rumen, indirectly reduce the production of methane, promote the conversion of ammonia into bacterial protein, and achieve the effect of improving the utilization rate of non-protein nitrogen sources [57].

Plant component extracts are an important direction for the development of new feed additives, and are of great significance to the healthy development of feed additives. The focus can be on the 117 safer forage plant varieties included in the "Feed Raw Materials Catalog". When developing products using other plants as raw materials, attention should be paid to their safety evaluation.

Table 4 Examples of feeding function research of plant component extracts

2.2 Development of single-ingredient feed additive products extracted from Chinese medicinal resources

With the continuous deepening of the basic research on the chemical efficacy of Chinese medicinal resources, high-value-added feed products such as chlorogenic acid, betaine, rutin, resveratrol and baicalin, which are developed from monomer components extracted and purified from medicinal plants, have emerged. Their application in livestock and poultry and aquaculture has produced good social and economic benefits[5].

The single-ingredient feed additives included in the "Catalogue of Feed Additives" are chlorogenic acid and betaine. The new feed additive certificate "New Feed Certificate No. [2019] 02" issued in 2019. Chlorogenic acid is made from the flower buds of Honeysuckle as raw materials through a certain process. The purity can reach 95%. It is a commonly used heat-clearing and detoxifying feed additive product used to promote the growth of broilers, improve feed conversion efficiency, enhance antioxidant capacity, and improve the structure of intestinal flora[58]. Betaine is widely found in plants, such as the root of beet, the leaf of Lycium barbarum L., and the root of Achyranthes bidentata Bl. It has multiple biological functions in farmed animals, including regulating fat and amino acid metabolism, promoting protein synthesis, improving carcass composition, and improving the stress resistance of rumen and intestinal flora of ruminants [59-60].

At present, the types of feed additives of plant purified extracts included are not rich enough. With the guidance of national policies and people's continuous understanding of its health care value, feedable health products prepared with Chinese medicine resources as raw materials will be highly valued and effectively developed, providing important support for the healthy and sustainable development of china's economic animal industry and the green development of the industry. For example, rutin is a flavonoid component widely found in the tissues of plants in the Leguminosae, Rutaceae and Photinaceae families. Studies have shown that rutin has similar structural characteristics to endogenous estrogens and performs well in livestock and poultry production. It can effectively improve the growth performance of broilers[61], improve the egg quality of laying hens[62], inhibit intramuscular fat synthesis and protein oxidation, and improve the flavor, tenderness and nutritional content of pork[63]. It can also improve the rumen environment of ruminants, improve metabolic digestion capacity, and thus improve production performance[64]. It can also regulate the metabolism of amino acids in dairy cows and increase the mRNA expression levels of milk fat, milk protein and lactose-related genes in dairy cows[65], promote protein synthesis, and improve milk quality and milk production performance[66]. Rutin has shown good feeding functions in economic animal breeding, suggesting that it has certain development prospects.

A large number of studies have found that resveratrol, as a natural plant polyphenol, is widely found in plants such as peanut Arachis hypogaea L., soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr., grape Vitis vinifera L. and Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc., and has shown antioxidant, immune-enhancing, intestinal health and animal quality improvement functions in animal farming [67]. Baicalin, as a natural flavonoid component, has multiple pharmacological activities and performs well in aquaculture. It has the functions of promoting sugar and lipid metabolism, improving feed utilization, improving disease resistance, improving survival rate and promoting growth and development [68].
The safety evaluation of plant-derived single-ingredient extract feed additives can be carried out in accordance with the requirements for purified extracts in the "Guidelines for the Application of Plant Extract Feed Additives (Draft for Comments)".

2.3 Development of extract feed additive products using Chinese medicine resources as raw materials

Two or more Chinese medicines can also be compounded and prepared into feed additives through a certain extraction process. As of August 17, 2021, the "Feed Additive Variety Catalogue" revised in the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Announcement No. 459 has not yet included compound Chinese medicine feed additive varieties. Since the implementation of the policy of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Announcement No. 194, there are only 4 varieties of Chinese veterinary medicines that can be used in commercial feed and breeding. Among them, Shanhua Huangqin Extract Powder is a compound preparation prepared from Lonicera japonica extract and Scutellaria baicalensis extract [69], which has certain guiding significance for the development of compound Chinese medicine extract feed additives. In addition, according to the General Requirements for Natural Plant Feed Ingredients, 117 other natural plants listed in the Feed Ingredients Catalog can be selected to prepare "compounded natural plant crude extract feed ingredients"[70]. Due to its advantages such as short R&D cycle, good feeding function and low entry threshold, it is favored by feed companies and recognized by the market. This type is an important development direction for compound Chinese medicine extract feed products.

Based on the huge market potential for compound Chinese medicine feed functional products with definite efficacy in the field of economic animal breeding, and focusing on the diversified needs of different types and levels of demand, experts in the field of traditional Chinese medicine have cooperated with experts and scholars in the agricultural, animal husbandry and fishery industries based on the concept of Chinese medicine compatibility to create and develop a number of effective and safe feed products. For example, compound formulas such as Astragalus, Codonopsis, Atractylodes, Acanthopanax, Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. are used to improve the production performance of dairy cows in the late peripartum period, while reducing the somatic cell count of raw milk and improving milk quality [71]; adding Astragalus, Codonopsis, Licorice, Acanthopanax, and Poria to the feed of Hotan black chickens can effectively promote the growth of black chickens, enhance immune function and antibody levels [72]; adding Angelica, Astragalus, and Leonurus to the diet of breeder hens in the late egg-laying period can effectively alleviate the problem of decreased egg production in breeder hens in the late egg-laying period, improve the reduced qualified rate of breeding eggs, and reduce the strength of eggshells [73]; compound Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additives play a role in attracting food, improving feed utilization, enhancing stress resistance, enhancing disease resistance, promoting growth, improving aquatic product quality, and improving intestinal health in aquaculture [74]. According to records in the Materia Medica, Chinese medicine has been used in the health care of economic animals for a long time. According to the bias of medicinal properties, it can achieve the purpose of enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity by combining the seven emotions of mutual assistance, mutual use, mutual hatred, mutual fear, opposition, and mutual killing, so as to be better applied to animal breeding [75].

2.4 Development of feed additive products using extracts from non-medicinal parts of Chinese medicinal materials as raw materials.

At present, the production area of medicinal plants in china exceeds 100 million mu. In the process of producing and processing medicinal materials, "non-medicinal parts" are produced several times more than medicinal materials, most of which have not been effectively utilized, resulting in a huge waste of Chinese medicinal resources.
However, based on records in Materia Medica and modern research, different tissue parts of many medicinal plants have multiple health values for humans and animals. If we can conduct in-depth research on such non-medicinal parts to explore their multi-pathway resource components and develop them into new feed additives, it will surely be an important measure to save resources, benefit the country and the people, and promote the green development of the industry [76].

After the promulgation of the "antibiotic ban in feed" policy, the demand for plant-based feed additives in the breeding field has been increasing. The development and utilization of non-medicinal parts of traditional Chinese medicine can effectively alleviate the phenomenon of animals competing with humans for medicine, and can significantly reduce production costs and fully realize the value of traditional Chinese medicine resources. After years of research on non-medicinal parts of traditional Chinese medicine, it was found that non-medicinal parts are rich in a variety of active ingredients and are good raw materials for the development of feed additives. For example, the total amount of above-ground biological waste of medicinal plants with roots and rhizomes as medicine is often 3 to 5 times that of underground parts; the non-medicinal biological output of medicinal plants with flowers, inflorescences, fruits and seeds as medicine is huge, and the problem of resource waste is also very prominent [9]. At present, there are literature reports on the research on the feeding function of non-medicinal parts in livestock and poultry breeding animals, see Table 5. However, there are still few literature reports on the safety evaluation of non-medicinal parts. When developing plant extract feed additives with non-medicinal parts as raw materials, it is recommended to refer to the target animal safety evaluation of "other plants" in the "Guidelines for the Application of Plant Extract Feed Additives (Draft for Comments)" and the evaluation requirements for possible impacts on human health and the environment. Therefore, chrysanthemum stems and leaves are rich in a variety of active ingredients, and have definite effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, clearing the liver and improving eyesight. The feeding function has been preliminarily verified. The planting area of nearly one million mu in the country produces about 10,000 tons of non-medicinal parts. If they can be reasonably and effectively developed and utilized for feeding, it will produce considerable social and economic benefits.

Table 5 Example of feeding function study of abandoned parts of traditional Chinese medicine

2.3 Development of extract feed additive products using Chinese medicine resources as raw materials

Two or more Chinese medicines can also be compounded and prepared into feed additives through a certain extraction process. As of August 17, 2021, the "Feed Additive Variety Catalogue" revised in the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Announcement No. 459 has not yet included compound Chinese medicine feed additive varieties. Since the implementation of the policy of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Announcement No. 194, there are only 4 varieties of Chinese veterinary medicines that can be used in commercial feed and breeding. Among them, Shanhua Huangqin Extract Powder is a compound preparation prepared from Lonicera japonica extract and Scutellaria baicalensis extract [69], which has certain guiding significance for the development of compound Chinese medicine extract feed additives. In addition, according to the General Requirements for Natural Plant Feed Ingredients, 117 other natural plants listed in the Feed Ingredients Catalog can be selected to prepare "compounded natural plant crude extract feed ingredients"[70]. Due to its advantages such as short R&D cycle, good feeding function and low entry threshold, it is favored by feed companies and recognized by the market. This type is an important development direction for compound Chinese medicine extract feed products.

Based on the huge market potential for compound Chinese medicine feed functional products with definite efficacy in the field of economic animal breeding, and focusing on the diversified needs of different types and levels of demand, experts in the field of traditional Chinese medicine have cooperated with experts and scholars in the agricultural, animal husbandry and fishery industries based on the concept of Chinese medicine compatibility to create and develop a number of effective and safe feed products. For example, compound formulas such as Astragalus, Codonopsis, Atractylodes, Acanthopanax, Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. are used to improve the production performance of dairy cows in the late peripartum period, while reducing the somatic cell count of raw milk and improving milk quality [71]; adding Astragalus, Codonopsis, Licorice, Acanthopanax, and Poria to the feed of Hotan black chickens can effectively promote the growth of black chickens, enhance immune function and antibody levels [72]; adding Angelica, Astragalus, and Leonurus to the diet of breeder hens in the late egg-laying period can effectively alleviate the problem of decreased egg production in breeder hens in the late egg-laying period, improve the reduced qualified rate of breeding eggs, and reduce the strength of eggshells [73]; compound Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additives play a role in attracting food, improving feed utilization, enhancing stress resistance, enhancing disease resistance, promoting growth, improving aquatic product quality, and improving intestinal health in aquaculture [74]. According to records in the Materia Medica, Chinese medicine has been used in the health care of economic animals for a long time. According to the bias of medicinal properties, it can achieve the purpose of enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity by combining the seven emotions of mutual assistance, mutual use, mutual hatred, mutual fear, opposition, and mutual killing, so as to be better applied to animal breeding [75].

2.4 Development of feed additive products using extracts from non-medicinal parts of Chinese medicinal materials as raw materials.

At present, the production area of medicinal plants in china exceeds 100 million mu. In the process of producing and processing medicinal materials, "non-medicinal parts" are produced several times more than medicinal materials, most of which have not been effectively utilized, resulting in a huge waste of Chinese medicinal resources.
However, based on records in Materia Medica and modern research, different tissue parts of many medicinal plants have multiple health values for humans and animals. If we can conduct in-depth research on such non-medicinal parts to explore their multi-pathway resource components and develop them into new feed additives, it will surely be an important measure to save resources, benefit the country and the people, and promote the green development of the industry [76].

After the promulgation of the "antibiotic ban in feed" policy, the demand for plant-based feed additives in the breeding field has been increasing. The development and utilization of non-medicinal parts of traditional Chinese medicine can effectively alleviate the phenomenon of animals competing with humans for medicine, and can significantly reduce production costs and fully realize the value of traditional Chinese medicine resources. After years of research on non-medicinal parts of traditional Chinese medicine, it was found that non-medicinal parts are rich in a variety of active ingredients and are good raw materials for the development of feed additives. For example, the total amount of above-ground biological waste of medicinal plants with roots and rhizomes as medicine is often 3 to 5 times that of underground parts; the non-medicinal biological output of medicinal plants with flowers, inflorescences, fruits and seeds as medicine is huge, and the problem of resource waste is also very prominent [9]. At present, there are literature reports on the research on the feeding function of non-medicinal parts in livestock and poultry breeding animals, see Table 5. However, there are still few literature reports on the safety evaluation of non-medicinal parts. When developing plant extract feed additives with non-medicinal parts as raw materials, it is recommended to refer to the target animal safety evaluation of "other plants" in the "Guidelines for the Application of Plant Extract Feed Additives (Draft for Comments)" and the evaluation requirements for possible impacts on human health and the environment. Therefore, chrysanthemum stems and leaves are rich in a variety of active ingredients, and have definite effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, clearing the liver and improving eyesight. The feeding function has been preliminarily verified. The planting area of nearly one million mu in the country produces about 10,000 tons of non-medicinal parts. If they can be reasonably and effectively developed and utilized for feeding, it will produce considerable social and economic benefits.

Based on the research ideas of TCM resource chemistry and the strategic path of recycling TCM resources, exploring the resource value of non-medicinal parts of TCM in the field of poultry, livestock and aquaculture can not only promote the health of food-borne animals and reduce the use of antibiotics, but also realize the effective utilization of TCM by-products, effectively extend the TCM resource economic industry chain, and will surely produce good social-economic-ecological benefits [76].

2.5 Development of feed additive products using extracts from by-products of TCM deep processing industrialization process as raw materials

In view of the reality that the deep processing industry such as TCM pharmaceuticals that consumes medicinal materials as raw materials produces more than 100 million tons of by-products each year, a refined hierarchical and classified resource utilization technology system is established to transform by-products into resource-based diversified products, which can not only extend the resource industry chain and fully release its resource value, but also reduce environmental pollution [97]. There are two main forms of Chinese medicine residues: one is the residue after extraction of single medicinal materials, which mainly comes from the production of single raw materials such as Chinese medicine formula granules, standard extracts, industrial raw material preparation, and single Chinese medicine pharmaceuticals.
Single medicine residue; the other is the residue after extraction of compound medicinal materials, which mainly comes from the mixed residue produced when multiple raw materials such as compound Chinese patent medicine pharmaceuticals, Chinese medicine clinical adjustment, and health functional products are put into production. The residue is affected by factors such as processing purpose, extraction method and process conditions. Some Chinese medicine ingredients still remain in it, such as flavonoids, saponins, lignans, terpenes, etc. under water extraction process conditions. Recycling and preparing feed additives will play its health value.

Commercial feed additives prepared from by-products, such as licorice antioxidants listed in the "Feed Additive Variety Catalog", are a group of fat-soluble mixtures extracted from licorice residues after preparing licorice extract or glycyrrhizic acid. The main component is a mixture of flavonoids, which has the functions of improving feed quality and enhancing animal antioxidant capacity [98-99]; saccharoterpenoids are a multi-substance component extracted and purified from camellia seed cake after oil extraction. It is mainly composed of saponins, sugars and organic acids, and has the functions of enhancing animal disease resistance and improving livestock and poultry meat quality [100].
However, there is currently a lack of official guidance on the development of extract feed additives for drug residues. It is recommended to conduct relevant research based on the source of drug residues and the degree of purification of the extracts, referring to the effectiveness and safety evaluation requirements of purified extracts and component extracts in the "Guidelines for the Application of Plant Extract Feed Additives (Draft for Comments)".
A large number of studies have reported that the residues of single-ingredient salvia miltiorrhiza, ginkgo biloba, marigold, safflower Carthamus tinctorius L., star anise Illicium verumHook. f., angelica, Panax notoginseng, Schisandra chinensis, etc. are rich in potential resource components, see Table 6. It has also been found that the by-products produced during the processing of various traditional Chinese medicine-related products are rich in carotene components, such as Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. fruit pulp, Hippophae rhamnoides L. fruit pomace, Ningxia wolfberry fruit pomace, etc. If they are used as raw materials for obtaining natural yellow pigments, it can not only improve resource utilization efficiency and reduce environmental pressure, but also reduce production costs and improve economic benefits [111]. At present, researchers pay more attention to the composition of resource components and pharmacological activity evaluation of residual drug residues, and the research on the additive feeding function is relatively weak. In addition, the combination of traditional Chinese medicines according to their medicinal properties is the characteristic advantage of traditional Chinese medicine [112]. Due to the wide application of traditional Chinese medicine and the huge industrial cluster, the annual output of mixed drug residues is as high as 100 million tons, such as the major varieties of traditional Chinese medicine injections: Danhong injection, Shengmai injection, Mailuoning injection, Fufang Kushen injection, etc.; the major varieties of oral Chinese patent medicines: Tongmai granules, Lianhua Qingwen capsules, Pudilan oral liquid, Liuwei Dihuang pills, etc. Due to the fixed extraction process, the resource components remaining in the mixed drug residues are relatively stable. This part of the resource components can be obtained in a targeted manner or more resource components can be released through fermentation and transformation, and then component analysis and feeding function research can be carried out [113]. Traditional Chinese medicine by-products represented by traditional Chinese medicine residues generally show resource characteristics such as large resource reserves, high recyclability, and low production costs. If they can be fully utilized as resources, they can release potential value of hundreds of billions of yuan.