Effects Of Cistanche Total Glycosides On Learning And Memory Impairment in Mice

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Gao Cong, Wang Chuanshe, Wu Guanzhong, Tu Pengfei

Abstract

Objective To observe the effects of Cistanche total glycosides on scopolamine-induced impairment of learning and memory and on sodium nitrite-induced impairment of learning and memory consolidation in mice. Methods Step down test was performed to reflect the learning and memory of mice. Cistanche total glycosides were administered consecutively for 30 days. The mice were trained on the 29 days and measurements were carried out on the 30th day. Latent period and a number of errors within 5 min were noted. Scopolamine was given by intraperitoneal injection 15 min before training, and sodium nitrite was administered subcutaneously right after training. Results (1)Compared with model mice induced by scopolamine,cistanche total glycosides 200 and 400 mg/kg together with piracetam 600mg/kg considerably increased latent period and decreased error times. Cistanche total glycosides 100 mg/kg also increased latent time but decreased error times to some extent. (2)Compared with model mice induced by sodium nitrite, cistanche total glycosides 200 and 400 mg/kg increased latent time significantly but had no significant effect on the error times. Cistanche total glycosides 100mg/kg decreased latent time and error times to some extent. Conclusion Cistanchis total glycosides could obviously improve scopolamine-induced impairment of learning and memory and sodium nitrite-induced impairment of learning and memory in mice.

The aging of the population has made the search for safe and effective drugs for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease a hotspot in drug research. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has made great progress in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease with drugs that mainly invigorate the kidney and nourish the marrow, and also invigorate the heart and spleen. The traditional Chinese medicine Cistanche was first published in "Shen Nong's Materia Medica". It has the effects of tonifying kidney yang, nourishing essence and blood, and moistening the intestines and laxatives. It is now widely used in the treatment of senile dementia, impotence, habitual constipation, and other diseases. Antioxidant, anti-hypoxia, anti-radiation, and immune function enhancement; the main component is phenylethanoid glycosides. Cistanche total glycosides are extracted from the dried fleshy stems of cistanche tubulosa, containing 90.7% of phenylethanoid glycosides and 44.3% of echinacoside, the main component. In this paper, the effects of cistanche total glycosides on learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine and sodium nitrite in mice were studied, and the basis for their development as a new drug for nootropic and prevention and treatment of senile dementia was provided.

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1 Material and methods

1.1 Animals

180 healthy Kunming mice, weighing 18-22 g, half male and half male, were provided by the Animal Center of China Pharmaceutical University, and the certificate number was Sudong (Quality) 97004.

1.2 Drugs and Reagents

Cistanche total glycosides, provided by the Chemistry Office of the Modern Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University, batch number 980601. Naofukang tablets, produced by Yixing Pharmaceutical Factory, batch number 980521. Scopolamine injection was produced by Shanghai Hefeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., batch number 980101. Sodium nitrite, produced by Rugao Huarui Reagent Factory, batch number 980220. The above-mentioned medicines and reagents were prepared with distilled water to the concentration required for the experiment before use.

2 Results

2.1 Effects on scopolamine-induced learning and memory acquisition impairment in mice Compared with the normal group, the test latency of the platform test in the model group was significantly shortened and the number of errors was significantly increased, indicating that the learning and memory acquisition of the mice was impaired. Compared with the model group, the test latency of the Naofukang group and the cistanche high-dose and medium-dose groups was significantly prolonged, and the number of errors was significantly reduced (P<0.01); the test latency of the cistanche low-dose group was also significantly prolonged (P<0.01). ); the number of test errors decreased to a certain extent, but there was no significant difference compared with the model group. The results showed that cistanche total glycosides did improve scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment in mice, and the effect of high and medium dose groups was better than that of Naofukang group. The results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Effects of cistanche total glycosides on scopolamine-induced learning and memory acquisition impairment in mice (x±s)

Note: Compared with the model group, *P<0.05, **P<0.01. In ( ) is the number of deaths by electric shock, the same below.

2.2 Effects of sodium nitrite on learning and memory consolidation disorders in mice The test latency of the platform test in the model group was shortened and the number of test errors increased. Compared with the normal group, the difference was significant, indicating that the learning and memory consolidation of the model group was impaired. Compared with the model group, the test latency of mice in the high and medium dose groups of cistanche were significantly prolonged (P<0.05-0.01); the number of errors decreased to a certain extent, but there was no statistical significance; the test latency and errors of the mice in the low dose group of cistanche The number of times was also improved to a certain extent, but there was no statistical significance; the test latency of the mice in the Naofukang group was significantly prolonged, and the number of test errors was significantly reduced (P<0.01). The results of this experiment showed that oral administration of high and medium doses of cistanche total glycosides had obvious improvement effects on the learning and memory consolidation disorder in mice induced by sodium nitrite, but it was weaker than Naofukang. The results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Effects of Cistanche total glycosides on learning and memory consolidation impairment in mice induced by sodium nitrite (x±s)

3 Discussion

Learning and memory are the advanced functions of the brain and the elements that constitute intelligence. The whole neural activity of learning and memory, it can be divided into three basic neural processes: acquisition, consolidation and reproduction. Learning and memory impairment is a common symptom of a variety of encephalopathy, including cerebral vascular sclerosis in old age, insufficient cerebral blood supply, and dementia.

Traditional Chinese medicine believes that Alzheimer's disease and other diseases are mostly deficiency syndromes. Cistanche is a traditional tonic and aphrodisiac medicine, which has the functions of invigorating the kidney, filling the essence and moistening the intestines. "Ben Cao Jing Shu" calls it an essential medicine for nourishing the essence and blood and nourishing the kidney. It is effective for fatigue, forgetfulness, hearing loss and enuresis caused by kidney deficiency. better curative effect. Zhu Zhiming et al. analyzed the drug composition of 46 compound prescriptions for the treatment of senile dementia published in relevant journals from 1990 to 1999 and found that Cistanche deserticola was one of the commonly used drugs1. Animal experiments by Sato Zhou in Japan confirmed that cistanche does have an anti-dementia effect131. Our previous experiments have shown that cistanche total glycosides have a significant promoting effect on the learning and memory function of normal mice, and have a significant effect on ethanol-induced learning and memory reproduction disorder model mice, kidney-yang deficiency model mice, vascular dementia model rats, etc. The learning and memory function has an obvious protective effect. Combined with the results of this experiment, it is confirmed that cistanche has nootropic effects, and has obvious protective effects on the acquisition, consolidation and reproduction of the three basic neural activity processes in the entire neural activity of learning and memory, indicating that the nootropic effects of cistanche total glycosides are many Hierarchical and multi-segment. Therefore, cistanche total glycosides may become an effective drug for the treatment of senile dementia and other diseases with learning and memory impairment as the main symptom.

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