How Is Diabetic Nephropathy Treated? Start With These 7 Areas

Diabetic nephropathy is a comorbidity in diabetic patients and the second most common cause of chronic renal failure. The initial symptom of diabetic nephropathy is proteinuria. Most of the edema in patients with diabetic nephropathy is caused by a large amount of proteinuria. If edema occurs, it means that the patient has reached the late stage of diabetic nephropathy. Severe cases can cause kidney failure, endangering the life of the patient.

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As people's living standards change, the aging of the population is also changing (gradually increasing), and the incidence of diabetes is also showing an upward trend. If diabetes develops into kidney disease, it will continue to develop into a more serious condition. Diabetic nephropathy is divided into type 1 and type 2, and type 1 is divided into five stages:

①Glomerular hyperfiltration period: During this period, the glomerular filtration rate is significantly higher than the normal filtration rate;

② Albuminuria period: the excretion of albuminuria is normal, but the excretion rate will increase after exercise or stress;

③Microalbuminuria stage: Microalbuminuria persists;

④ Proteinuria stage: albuminuria continues to increase, during this period edema and high blood pressure will appear, and renal function will gradually decline;

⑤ Renal failure stage: The protein excretion rate is significantly reduced, and the blood pressure is increased.

In the development stage of diabetes, it will have a certain impact on the kidneys, forming diabetic nephropathy. The treatment of diabetic nephropathy is a comprehensive management and comprehensive treatment because there is no drug for diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, for diabetic patients, the treatment of diabetic nephropathy should start with the treatment of diabetes, and then the treatment of nephropathy. From seven aspects to introduce the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy, see below.

1. Blood sugar

To treat diabetic nephropathy, the patient's blood sugar must be well controlled first and must reach an ideal value. The better the blood sugar control, the lower the chance of suffering from diabetic nephropathy. Fasting blood sugar should be controlled at around 3.9-6.1 mmol/L, and postprandial blood sugar should be controlled at around 8.0 mmol/L. The patient's early symptoms of kidney disease are not obvious, mainly blood sugar, and the drugs taken should have the effect of lowering blood sugar and proteinuria.

2. Blood pressure

Patients need to change their diet. The diet should be mainly light, and high-sugar and high-salt foods should be strictly controlled. The patient's weight should be controlled within the normal range to avoid burdening the kidneys due to weight. Adhere to taking antihypertensive drugs to stabilize blood pressure. Actively control blood pressure to reach normal standards, exercise appropriately, take calcium supplements, and insist on taking antihypertensive drugs under the guidance of doctors. Systolic blood pressure is controlled at around 90-140 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure is controlled at around 60-90 mmHg.

3. Blood lipids

Patients with dyslipidemia should pay attention to the treatment of blood lipids, and take oral drugs to lower blood lipids, such as statins. Exercise properly, arrange your life reasonably, consume fat, reduce your weight, quit smoking and drinking, and regularly monitor blood lipid levels. Avoid eating animal offal and fried food, and eat a light diet. Control the cholesterol value below 4.5 mmol/L.

4. Stable albuminuria

During the treatment period, it is necessary to adhere to a high-quality low-albumin diet, strictly limit protein intake, and use it in conjunction with antihypertensive drugs, lipid-lowering drugs, and hypoglycemic drugs. Taking protein-lowering drugs at the same time, doctors generally do not recommend the use of hormone drugs and immunosuppressant drugs for diabetic nephropathy patients. Preventing infection and improving immunity are the most critical measures. In daily life, you should pay attention to physical exercise, eat a regular and reasonable diet, go to the hospital regularly to test your immunity level, and take some immunity-enhancing drugs if necessary.

5. Prevent urinary system infection

Patients with diabetic nephropathy suffer from reduced sleep and poor appetite, resulting in a severe decline in the patient's resistance. Because patients with diabetic nephropathy sweat more, if the patient is not replenished with water in time, the frequency of urination will decrease, and the effect of flushing bacteria will be reduced, so diabetic nephropathy and urinary tract infection are prone to occur. Drink plenty of water during the illness to avoid urinary system infections.

6. Reasonable diet

The most important way to prevent the development of diabetic nephropathy is to limit the intake of protein. According to the stage of nephropathy, the dose of medicine taken is also different. A low-salt diet can help patients control the increase of blood pressure and the degree of edema, and appropriately supplement iron and calcium The drug has a very important relationship with the recovery of the kidney. Guarantee the nutritional supply needed by the body, maintain their own health, keep their weight within the normal range, and focus on high-quality protein, low-fat, low-salt, and high-calcium diet, limit the patient's sugar intake and quit smoking and drinking.

7. Dialysis treatment and kidney transplantation

Kidney transplantation is the most effective treatment for people with end-stage diabetes. The kidneys of healthy people are transplanted to patients with renal function loss. During kidney transplantation, auxiliary drugs are used reasonably, which reduces the economic burden of the patients, reduces the side effects of immunosuppressants, and protects and improves the renal function of the patients.

During dialysis in patients with diabetic nephropathy, blood sugar may drop, and the plasma colloid osmotic pressure will also decrease, which will cause hypotension. Regular inspections should be carried out to closely observe the changes of patients. Hyperkalemia will occur during dialysis, and patients are required to strictly control their diet, be informed of the importance of diet control, and check glycated hemoglobin regularly. Infection may also occur during dialysis. Keep warm to prevent respiratory infection, strengthen nutritional intake, and control water intake for anuric patients.

All in all, the treatment of diabetic nephropathy includes seven aspects: blood sugar, blood pressure, blood lipids, stable albuminuria, prevention of urinary system infection, reasonable diet, dialysis treatment and kidney transplantation. The treatment of diabetic nephropathy takes the control of blood sugar as the basic treatment. Hypertension is an important factor causing the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy, which is very common in diabetic nephropathy. Drugs to control blood pressure include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (captopril, etc.), angiotensin receptor antagonists (losartan, olmesartan, etc.); Drugs, biguanide hypoglycemic agents); blood lipid-lowering drugs include (cholic acid integrators, niacin, etc.). At the same time, patients need to actively apply blockers to control the occurrence and development of proteinuria. Patients also need to adjust their lifestyle and eating habits to adapt to the control of the disease.

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