How does CKD affect anemia
Mar 15, 2023
What is anemia?
Anemia is a condition in which the amount of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood is lower than normal. Hemoglobin is an iron-rich outer chain protein that allows red blood cells to carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. With fewer red blood cells or hemoglobin, your tissues and organs -- like your heart and brain -- may not get enough oxygen to function properly.
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What is the relationship between anemia and chronic kidney disease?
Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Chronic kidney disease means your kidneys are damaged and can't filter blood properly. This damage can cause waste products and fluids to build up in your body. Chronic kidney disease can also cause other health problems. Anemia is less common in early kidney disease and tends to get worse as kidney disease progresses and more kidney function is lost.
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In Melissa E. Stauffer and Tao Fan's analysis of NHANES data from 2007–2010, an estimated 14.0% of the US population had CKD. There are several indications that this value represents a slightly increased prevalence of CKD in the United States.
The first was a comparison with the analysis of NHANES III(1988-1994), where the prevalence of CKD was 11.0%. Secondly, the unweighted prevalence of CKD in the NHANES 1999-2004 survey was 16.8%, slightly lower than the unweighted prevalence in the current study (17.6%). Third, Coresh et al., in various analyses from NHANES III to 2004, reported a prevalence value of 9.4-13.1% for stages 1-4 of CKD.
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Treatment of anemia includes iron supplementation and erythropoietin-stimulating agents. Regardless of the data source, the reported treatment rates are generally low (10 to 15%).In an analysis of the 1996-2002 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, only 10 percent of outpatient visits for CKD anemia management were prescribed anemia therapy.
In Melissa E. Stauffer and Tao Fan's analysis of NHANES 2007-2010, 22.8% of CKD patients with anemia reported receiving treatment for anemia within the previous 3 months.
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References:
1. Stauffer ME, Fan T. Prevalence of anemia in chronic kidney disease in the United States. PLoS One. 2014;9(1):e84943. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084943. Published January 2, 2014. Accessed July 6, 2020.
2. Coresh J, Astor BC, Greene T, Eknoyan G, Levey AS (2003) Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and decreased kidney function in the adult US population: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Kidney Dis 41: 1–12.
3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007) Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease and Associated Risk Factors – United States, 1999–2004. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 58: 161–165.
4. Coresh J, Byrd-Holt D, Astor BC, Briggs JP, Eggers PW, et al. (2005) Chronic kidney disease awareness, prevalence, and trends among U.S. adults, 1999 to 2000. J Am Soc Nephrol 16: 180–188.
5. Rasu RS, Manley HJ, Crawford T, Balakrishnan R (2007) Undertreatment of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease in the United States: analysis of national outpatient survey data. Clin Ther 29: 1524–1534.
