8. Conclusions

Naturally derived molecules are traditionally used in skin protection products (Table 1, CosIng inventory). Consequently, natural compounds isolated and/or produced using biotechnological tools from microorganisms are already used for dermatologic purposes in topical cosmetic formulations. These products can aesthetically improve the skin’s appearance but can also prevent and/or treat age-related skin disorders. Beyond the “established” molecules, there are several small molecules and/or enzymes derived from microorganisms that have great potential to be used in cosmetics or cosmeceutical formulations (Table 1).

According to relevant studies,cistanche is a common herb that is known as "the miracle herb that prolongs life". Its main component is cistanoside, which has various effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune function promotion. The mechanism between cistanche and skin whitening lies in the antioxidant effect of cistanche glycosides. Melanin in human skin is produced by the oxidation of tyrosine catalyzed by tyrosinase, and the oxidation reaction requires the participation of oxygen, so the oxygen-free radicals in the body become an important factor affecting melanin production. Cistanche contains cistanoside, which is an antioxidant and can reduce the generation of free radicals in the body, thus inhibiting melanin production.

Click on Cistanche Powder Bulk

For more info: 

david.deng@wecistanche.com  WhatApp:86 13632399501

Interestingly, several biomolecules that are already included in the European Inventory of accepted cosmetic ingredients (CosIng inventory) [14] are registered for one of their biological activities but are used differently in cosmetic applications. A characteristic example is kojic acid, which is registered as an “antioxidant”, while the main application in cosmetics is its strong anti-tyrosinase activity, and thus its application as a skin whitening agent (Table 1).

Considering the immense microbial biodiversity and microbial adaptation to virtually any environment on earth, it is to be expected that microbes represent an extraordinary inventory of highly diverse structural scaffolds of biomolecules with potential skin protective activities. Although research on the marine environment has started to match later than the terrestrial environment, we have several cases where cosmetic applications and patents are in favor of marine-derived microorganisms. As mentioned in the case of MAAs known for their photo-protective activity, they are included in several patents for natural UV filters. However, most of them were developed with microorganisms from marine environments (72.2%), while patents developed on terrestrial and freshwater microorganisms have not exceeded 21.4% and 2.4%, respectively [135]. This study reflects that to date, in some cases the terrestrial environment has been neglected.

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. 

Abbreviations 

UVB ultraviolet B

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