What Are The Symptoms Of Covid-19 Pneumonia Infection?

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coronaviruses are mainly airborne, i.e., transmitted through the respiratory tract, so the early clinical manifestations are mainly fever and cough, but more severe clinical manifestations may occur as the disease progresses.

Pathogenic characteristics of the new coronavirus

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Novel coronavirus is a type of virus because of its crown-like appearance, coronavirus. Both novel coronaviruses and SARS viruses belong to coronaviruses, and their homology is up to 85% or more, but their genetic characteristics are still significantly different from SARS viruses. The novel coronavirus also has the general characteristics of a virus, with genetic material inside and an envelope outside.

The new coronavirus is more sensitive to ultraviolet light and heat, and solvents such as 56 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes, 75% alcohol is not good, ether, chlorinated disinfectants, peroxyacetic acid and chloroform can effectively inactivate the virus, while chlorhexidine cannot effectively inactivate the virus.

Transmission characteristics

The first source of novel coronavirus is thought to be the South China Seafood Market in Wuhan, but its main source of infection is patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. Transmission is mainly by droplet transmission, but also by contact. There are reports that this virus can also be transmitted by fecal-oral transmission, but this has not been determined.

The susceptible population is all people in the population, not the elderly as some reports suggest. However, the elderly have more underlying diseases and are sicker and have a higher mortality rate after infection. With the increasing number of infections, hello infections in children and infants have been identified and two cases of mother-to-child transmission have been confirmed.

Based on the characteristics of the new coronavirus and the route of infection, we can do some effective prevention. The first is that all people are susceptible, so both men and women, young and old, good and bad, should do a good job of prevention, the main way of prevention is to wear a mask, wash hands regularly, and do not go to gatherings in crowded places.

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Clinical manifestations of the new coronavirus

According to current statistics, the incubation period of new coronavirus pneumonia is generally 3 to 7 days, and the longest period is not more than 14 days, so medical observation is set at the longest period of 14 days.

The initial clinical manifestations are mainly fever, dry cough and malaise, with fever accounting for about 98% of cases, so many places do screenings at home to measure temperature. There are also a few patients with symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and diarrhea. Of course, there are also people who are infected with the virus but do not show any clinical manifestations, but he is still contagious.

As the disease progresses, the virus replicates more and more, and the body's immune response to the virus becomes stronger, after which severe patients develop respiratory distress, acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, as well as internal environmental disturbances and bleeding and clotting dysfunction that are difficult to correct. Some patients also develop cardiac problems during this period, which can even be life-threatening. It is noteworthy to go and observe those very severe patients whose temperature may be only hypothermic or even without significant fever throughout the course of the disease.

There are also patients who have a more natural and mild onset throughout the course of the disease, showing only a low fever, a slight feverishness, and do not enter the severe pneumonia phase, which resolves itself in a week or so. However, during this period, he is still infectious.

According to current statistics, the overall mortality rate of pneumonia with novel coronavirus infection is about 2.1%, most patients heal well, pediatric patients have relatively mild symptoms, and most deaths occur in the elderly or in people with some underlying disease.

Diagnostic criteria.

The diagnostic process of novel coronavirus is similar to that of common diseases, firstly, some suspected cases are identified and then further examination is done to confirm the case.

Suspected cases.

丨History: within 14 days before the onset of the disease, if you have been to Wuhan or have contact with people who have returned from Wuhan with suspicious symptoms.

丨Clinical manifestations: there is fever, its lung imaging manifestations are consistent with the characteristics of pneumonia, blood routine examination of the total number of white blood cells is normal or reduced, lymphocytes decreased.

Confirmed cases.

For suspected suspected cases, their respiratory specimens or blood specimens are positive for anti-novel coronavirus nucleic acid, or their specimens are found to be highly homologous to novel coronavirus by viral gene sequencing. There is no complete agreement on the confirmation of the diagnosis of novel coronavirus-type pneumonia, and some experts say that nucleic acid testing may not be completely detectable, so imaging lung CT examinations are recommended as the primary diagnostic tool.

My personal opinion is that until the best diagnostic method emerges, a comprehensive diagnosis should be the main focus. For suspected cases, a high degree of vigilance should be exercised, and they should also be isolated according to the appropriate criteria, and "it is better to kill the wrong one than to spare one".

Differential diagnosis

When the new coronavirus pneumonia first appeared, several doctors in Wuhan said that the disease was similar to SARS, but was taken away by the police station in the name of disinformation, so it is very important to make a good differential diagnosis.

The main symptom caused by the new coronavirus is pneumonia, so it needs to be differentiated from other types of pneumonia, such as bacterial pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia, chlamydia pneumonia, and other types of viral pneumonia. For example, in bacterial pneumonia, patients with bacterial pneumonia tend to have high blood counts, predominantly unilateral lung, and cough with thick sputum.

Other viruses can also cause pneumonia, such as influenza viruses, rhinoviruses, and adenoviruses, which have a relatively low probability of causing pneumonia and are relatively few in number, while patients with novel coronavirus infections have a high probability of developing pneumonia and are highly contagious. For some diseases with similar symptoms, they can be identified by imaging and laboratory tests.

Prevention and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia

Prevention.

The primary prevention of new coronavirus pneumonia is good isolation, such as wearing a mask when going out, not going to crowded places, and washing hands regularly. There are no drugs for the prevention of new coronavirus, pneumonia before the network rumors of double yellow oral solution can inhibit the new coronavirus, but this does not mean that the virus can be prevented, so do not believe that there are any drugs can play a role in the prevention of viral infection.

Treatment.

Regarding the treatment of novel coronavirus, academician Zhong Nanshan has stated that there are no specific drugs for the treatment of novel coronavirus. The current treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia is mainly symptomatic treatment, such as bed rest, oxygen, monitoring the patient's vital signs, maintaining the balance of electrolytes and other internal environment and nutritional support, and give some antiviral treatment, if the patient's condition is critical, can be given a ventilator to maintain, control complications, if necessary, artificial lung.

The severity of symptoms after infection with the virus is related to various factors, such as the number and virulence of the virus, the patient's immunity, and the patient's underlying disease, etc. Since many elderly people have underlying medical diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease, the mortality rate is higher after infection in the elderly. Pregnant women, children and the elderly should pay more attention to protection to avoid infection.

Summary

The first symptoms of novel coronavirus are mainly fever and cough, and as the disease progresses, pneumonia may appear. If you are at home on your own, you can monitor your temperature. The new coronavirus, you do not have to panic, as long as good protection can minimize the infection, if unfortunately infected, do not panic, the cure has a high cure rate, as long as actively cooperate with treatment, adjust the mentality can be.