How Do Hypertensive Patients Take Medicine After Being Positive?
Jan 04, 2023
After entering December, under the general situation of China’s adjustment of the epidemic prevention policy, many hypertensive patients have become Covid 19, positive patients. From the data released so far, it can be seen that the Omicron strain rarely invades the lungs. panic.
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However, Omicron is far more contagious than influenza. Studies have shown that if the patient's high blood pressure is poorly controlled, it will significantly increase the risk of developing severe disease or even death from Covid 19 infection [1].
What will happen to blood pressure after being diagnosed with Covid 19?
After most hypertensive patients are infected with Covid 19, their blood pressure is found to be higher than before. The possible reasons are as follows:
1. Stress response after infection: including symptoms such as headache, nasal congestion, sore throat, and body aches, which can stimulate blood pressure to rise; due to the stress response of the body, blood pressure often rises in the acute phase of infectious diseases, as is the case with bacterial infections. The same is true of viral infections, including the Covid 19 virus.
2. Fever, rapid heart rate, prompting blood pressure to rise.
3. After being infected with the Covid 19 virus, rest is often affected by physical discomfort, causing blood pressure to rise.
4. The patient has tension, anxiety, and other emotions after being infected with the virus, which causes blood pressure to rise.
5. Some commonly used drugs may also cause blood pressure to rise, such as continuous use of antipyretics ibuprofen, diclofenac, or metamizole; some Chinese patent medicines containing ephedra, licorice, and other ingredients can also cause blood pressure to rise.
6. When blood pressure fluctuates, don't be nervous, pay attention to monitoring.
7. If the blood pressure rises significantly, exceeding 180/100 mmHg, or the effect of drug treatment is not good, or headache, blurred vision, chest pain, numbness and weakness of limbs, etc., please go to the hospital as soon as possible.
After a small number of hypertensive patients are infected with the Covid 19 virus, their blood pressure is lower than usual. After some hypertensive patients are infected with the virus, their appetite decreases significantly, their throat is severely sore, and they cannot eat or drink water; it is prone to hypovolemia and dehydration, leading to a drop in blood pressure, accompanied by symptoms of increased heart rate.
What will happen to the heartbeat after being diagnosed with Covid 19?
Many hypertensive patients will have a faster heartbeat after being diagnosed with Covid 19. Dr. Xu Yuanning, deputy chief physician of the Department of Cardiology at West China Hospital of Sichuan University, summed up 8 reasons. The following factors may appear alone or in combination, affecting the heartbeat; short-term or long-term, Or making your heart beat faster for some time.
1 fever
Every time the body temperature rises by one degree, the heart rate increases by about 10 beats per minute. If accompanied by chills, etc., the heart rate may increase even more.
2 Types of drugs taken
Some ingredients in the symptom-relieving medicines you take may increase your heart rate. For example, caffeine and aminophylline in cough medicine, anti-asthmatic drugs, and certain nebulized inhalation drugs.
3 Hypovolemia
After infection, lack of food, diarrhea, vomiting, gastrointestinal reactions caused by infection or drugs, etc., may cause a certain degree of hypovolemia, and the heart rate will increase compensatory. If you feel thirsty, have less urine, etc., you should be alert to the harm caused by dehydration and seek medical treatment in time.
4 Pain of all kinds can also cause a rapid heart rate
After being infected with Covid 19, many people have experienced various pains such as "craniotomy on the top, leg sawing on the bottom, waist cut at the back, laparotomy at the front, and throat cut with a knife". These pains are enough to stimulate the heart rate to increase.
5 The body's stress response to viral infection
After infection with the virus, the human immune system is activated, and the immune activation itself may be accompanied by an increase in the basal heart rate.
6 Severe hypoxia
This is a more serious cause of increased heart rate, usually accompanied by shortness of breath, severe cough, changes in lung images, etc., commonly known as a severe infection. According to the national standard of diagnosis and treatment, if the respiratory rate exceeds 30 breaths per minute, and the oxygen saturation continues to be lower than 93%, it is necessary to be careful of severe infection.
7 Exacerbation of underlying diseases induces rapid heart rate
For example, patients with underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (commonly known as emphysema) and patients with underlying heart disease (especially chronic heart failure), if these patients have sustained increased heart rate, attention should be paid. The more obvious the heart rate increases, the more dangerous the condition may be. You should go to the hospital for examination and evaluation as soon as possible.
8 Myocarditis
Like other viral infections, Omicron infection also has a certain probability of inducing myocarditis. In addition to increased heart rate, there will be changes in the electrocardiogram, and myocardial markers will increase significantly.
What are the countermeasures and medication recommendations for hypertensive patients after they are diagnosed with Covid 19?
If a hypertensive patient has a clear infection, the following things need to be done:
1. Adhere to self-test blood pressure at home to ensure that your blood pressure is up to standard
Generally, home self-measured blood pressure of hypertensive patients should be <130/80mmHg; home blood pressure of people aged 65-79 should be <140/90mmHg; and elderly people over 80 years old should have a target blood pressure of <150/90mmHg. The blood pressure target of hypertensive patients with diabetes is more stringent and should be controlled at <130/80mmHg[1].
Therefore, it is particularly important to closely monitor blood pressure during medication. You can use an electronic sphygmomanometer to measure your blood pressure at home, and you must know your blood pressure data well.
2. Still take the current medicine regularly, take the medicine on time and according to the amount, do not change the medicine by yourself, and do not stop the medicine at will
Hypertensive drugs can be prepared in advance to avoid interruption of treatment due to drug shortages. If the underlying disease is stable, it is recommended to prevent non-essential hospital visits.
3. Antipyretic drugs should be used with caution in hypertensive patients. When using such drugs, attention should be paid to the dosage, and long-term use should not be used. Blood pressure changes should be monitored during the medication
Commonly used antipyretic drugs include ibuprofen, acetaminophen, etc. These drugs are non-steroidal antipyretic and analgesic drugs, and taking large doses may cause liver damage; Without water, the body is prone to insufficient circulating blood, which can lead to hypotensive shock.
4. Patients with high blood pressure should use these 5 drugs with caution - ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, ibuprofen, procaterol, formoterol
The medicines with these 5 ingredients (the last two are bronchial medicines, and the first three are commonly used in cold medicines and antipyretics) may cause blood pressure to rise, and it is best to use it under the guidance of a doctor! Mild hypertension, that is, blood pressure ≥140/90mmHg and ≤159/99mmHg, short-term use of conventional doses of antipyretics and cold medicines containing the above ingredients generally will not cause fluctuations in blood pressure, but you should still pay attention to changes in blood pressure during medication If you have moderate or severe hypertension, that is, when your blood pressure is ≥160/100mmHg or ≥180/110mmHg, you must try to avoid taking cold medicines containing the above ingredients.
5. Do not drink a lot of water in a short time
If a hypertensive patient drinks a large amount of water quickly in a relatively short period, it may cause rapid expansion of blood volume throughout the body, increase the pressure on the blood vessel wall, and increase blood pressure. It should be noted that drinking a lot of water may lead to acute heart failure, and some hypertensive patients are also heart failure patients.
6. Scientific hydration
When high fever occurs, many hypertensive patients use antipyretic drugs such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen. After taking these drugs, the body may lose a lot of water. If water is not properly replenished at this time, blood volume may decrease, A condition of hypotension. Hypertensive patients should drink water appropriately while monitoring their blood pressure. If hypertensive patients also have underlying diseases such as chronic renal insufficiency and heart failure, the amount of drinking water needs to be reduced reasonably. Heart, blood vessel burden.
7. Properly replenish electrolytes
In the process of fever, water and some electrolytes may be lost due to profuse sweating and diarrhea. In this case, appropriate supplementation of electrolytes is conducive to maintaining the stability of the patient's internal environment. Both "Pay attention to water and electrolyte balance" or "Appropriate supplementation with a certain amount of electrolytes in drinking water” [3]. Be cautious when supplementing electrolytes for patients with hypertension complicated with renal insufficiency and heart failure. Excessive electrolytes may also lead to water and sodium retention and aggravate the disease.
8. When these situations occur, you should call 120 or send to a doctor for treatment
Loss of consciousness or confusion; a sudden and significant increase in blood pressure (≥180/120mmHg), accompanied by severe headache, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, or sudden language barriers, limb weakness, etc.; persistent chest and back pain; lower extremity edema, dyspnea or Unable to lie down; chest tightness and chest pain accompanied by profuse sweating, suffocation, nausea, and vomiting or persistent unrelief; a large amount of foam or hematuria in the urine, or a sudden and significant decrease in urine output when the amount of drinking water does not change significantly; blood pressure is too low or undetectable, Vitality signs such as too fast or too slow heart rate are abnormal.
Summarize
One should remember that "it is more important to choose the medicine that is suitable for itself than to stock up on medicine"! Especially those diagnosed with underlying diseases, such as patients with underlying diseases such as hypertension and heart disease. According to the "Reference Table of Commonly Used Medicines for Home Treatment of Covid-19 Virus Infected Patients" issued by the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council, 108 Chinese and Western medicines are recommended for clinical symptoms such as fever, sore throat, cough, sputum, etc. But we must keep the following principles in mind:
① Antipyretics, cold medicines, cough medicines, and expectorants cannot prevent diseases, but only relieve symptoms. Do not take medicine blindly when there are no symptoms.
②Choose one kind of medicine for the same symptom, such as Lianhua Qingwen, Qingkailing, Lanqin Oral Liquid, etc. You can choose one kind, there is no need to take two or three kinds together, the curative effect may not be superimposed, and the side effects may be superimposed.
③Avoid overdose and overdose of medication. Excessive drugs can not only relieve symptoms and speed up recovery, but also lead to more toxic side effects. For example, the commonly used antipyretic drug acetaminophen should not be used more than 4 times within 24 hours.
④ The combination of Chinese and Western medicines should be cautious. Some Chinese patent medicines for colds, such as Ganmaoling Granules, contain acetaminophen. Avoid using drugs containing acetaminophen in combination to avoid drug overdose or accumulation, leading to drug toxicity.
⑤ Lianhua Qingwen Capsules (granules), Qingfei Paidu Granules, and other medicines contain a certain amount of ephedrine. When using them, you must pay attention to monitoring blood pressure. Ephedrine can increase blood pressure, and the effect is long-lasting, and it can also speed up the heartbeat, etc. Adverse reactions will aggravate the condition of hypertensive patients.
⑥ Ibuprofen should be used with caution in patients with severe hypertension, and in patients taking warfarin at the same time, it can lead to prolongation of prothrombin time and increased bleeding tendency. In addition, when ibuprofen is used together with digoxin, methotrexate, and oral hypoglycemic drugs, it can increase the blood drug concentration of these drugs, so it is not suitable to be used together.
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