How Much Do You Know About Nephritis, Renal Insufficiency, Renal Failure, And Uremia

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The time of discovery of kidney disease largely determines the final outcome of kidney friends. Some people are just diagnosed with simple nephritis, some people have mild renal damage when they are diagnosed, and some people are very close to uremia, but for every kidney friend, no matter when the diagnosis is made, what to do is to block the possibility of becoming uremia as much as possible and delay the time to enter uremia.

After being diagnosed with kidney disease, what should kidney friends do to protect their kidneys? How severe is my condition and how far is it from uremia? How can I get better treatment?

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1. Renal insufficiency

The first step to uremia is whether it will become uremia and whether dialysis is required, there is a rigid indicator to judge the degree of renal damage.

The kidney is the main organ for expelling waste in the human body. When the function of the kidney (referred to as GFR in the following) decreases and the waste cannot be discharged smoothly, dialysis or kidney replacement is necessary to maintain the original kidney function. Therefore, a decrease in GFR is the first step towards uremia, and it is an indicator that kidney friends should pay more attention to serum creatinine.

The GFR of healthy people is about 100ml/min/1.73m² (the following units are omitted), and there are slight fluctuations in different groups. The lower the value, the worse the renal function.

GFR≥90, CKD stage 1: In this stage, the renal function is intact, and there are no symptoms of renal dysfunction.

GFR 60-89, CKD stage 2: The renal function is mildly decreased, the body waste can still be discharged normally, and mild symptoms such as eyelid edema may appear.

GFR 30-59, CKD stage 3: The renal function is moderately decreased, the waste cannot be completely and smoothly excreted, the creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, and other indicators increase, and the symptoms of nocturia, easy fatigue, edema, and hypertension will also appear.

GFR 15-29, CKD stage 4: Severely decreased renal function, elevated serum potassium and phosphorus levels, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and other indicators continued to increase, and symptoms such as anemia, itching, and nausea appeared.

GFR<15, CKD stage 5: that is, in the uremic stage, if severe edema, vomiting, and other uncomfortable reactions occur, dialysis should be considered.

2. Different kidney conditions, the focus of kidney friends should be different

Kidney friends should change the treatment plan and diet plan in time according to their kidney condition to prevent further deterioration of the disease.

Simple nephritis without renal impairment

Such nephropathy includes various acute and chronic nephritis, membranous proliferative nephritis, mesangial proliferative nephritis, purpura nephritis, lupus erythematosus nephritis, IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, minimal change nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, etc.

In the absence of renal dysfunction, kidney friends should focus on "avoiding recurrence". Pay attention to reasonable protein supplementation and regular aerobic exercise to make up for the problems of low albumin, low immunity, edema, and malnutrition caused by massive proteinuria.

CKD stage 1-2, mild renal impairment

For kidney friends in stages 1-2, the kidneys are still in good condition. It is good to cooperate with the doctor’s treatment, work and rest regularly, and adhere to the general principle of light, high-quality, low-protein diet. There is no need to overly restrict the diet, and it is also necessary to avoid excessive anxiety, and the kidney function continues to decline due to blindly “tonifying the kidney”.

CKD stage 3-4, moderate to severe renal impairment

In stage 3-4 kidney patients, edema, high blood pressure, dizziness, fatigue, and other discomforts appear, serum potassium, phosphorus, and uric acid indicators are abnormal, and dietary taboos increase.

A strict low-protein diet, regular work and rest, and exercise should be used as auxiliary, and complications such as anemia and hyperparathyroidism should be corrected to avoid the development of the disease to uremia.

CKD stage 5, uremia stage

In the early stage of uremia, all aspects of diet, work and rest, treatment, exercise, and work should be strictly adjusted, and the mood should be prepared to delay the occurrence of complications such as vomiting, edema, heart failure, high phosphorus, and high potassium as much as possible. When dialysis is necessary, preparations for dialysis need to be done, for example, the arrangement of internal fistula surgery, it is very important to accept dialysis psychologically. In fact, the quality of life after dialysis will be improved.

As we all know, uremia is a very serious kidney disease, and it is also the end-stage disease of various kidney diseases. Dialysis is time-consuming and labor-intensive. The cost of dialysis three times a week is not affordable for ordinary families, not to mention that once dialysis patients start Dialysis, whether from physical reasons or other reasons, is difficult to have a source of income; therefore, it is particularly important to achieve early prevention, early detection and early treatment of uremia;

Below I will introduce you to several early signs of uremia;

1. Skin symptoms

Because of the accumulation of a large number of toxins in the body and even on the skin, the skin of patients with uremia will appear very dull, dry, and dehydrated, and dandruff will also increase a lot. Decreased strength, often with symptoms of itching and inflammation.

2. Lung and breathing problems

Due to the lack of function, the lungs appear edema, which causes shortness of breath and shortness of breath, and uremia will be accompanied by the phenomenon of acidosis in the body, and it will also lead to a series of symptoms such as slower breathing rate and deeper breathing.

3. Gastrointestinal problems

Patients with uremia will have nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. With the increase of uric acid in the body, too much ammonia will be secreted in the gastrointestinal tract, which will lead to bad breath and ulcers, and inflammation in the mouth and stomach.

4. Bone problems

Patients with uremia usually have symptoms such as osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and poor bone quality. At this time, calcium and vitamins should be supplemented to ensure calcium absorption and prevent fractures and other symptoms.

5. Problems with the endocrine system

Uremia is caused by kidney disease, and kidney problems can cause endocrine problems.

6. Nervous system problems

With the accumulation of toxins in the body, the human nervous system will also be affected;

Common symptoms are numbness of fingers and toes, like wearing gloves, feeling less sensitive than before, more drowsy than ordinary people, more irritability, sometimes talking to oneself, and unconscious muscle shaking, dizziness, headache, and memory loss It is because the nervous system is poisoned, and in severe cases, convulsions and coma may occur due to increased intracranial pressure.

Before, uremia was a variety of kidney diseases. If it is not paid attention to, it will eventually become uremia. Therefore, the biggest symptom of uremia patients is kidney disease. At this time, they should actively cooperate with doctors to treat them to avoid turning into uremia.

As long as it is properly treated and maintained well, most kidney diseases will be controlled and will not eventually become uremia. Therefore, everyone must pay attention to the maintenance of the kidneys.