Nature: Omicron Thwarts Some Of The World's Most-used Coronavirus Vaccines

Contact: Audrey Hu Whatsapp/hp: 0086 13880143964 Email: audrey.hu@wecistanche.com

Laboratory evidence suggests that the world's most widely used COVID-19 vaccine offers little protection against infection by the rapidly spreading Omicron variant.

Inactivated virus vaccines contain SARS-CoV-2 particles that have been chemically treated, making them unlikely to cause infection. Stable and relatively easy to produce, the vaccines have been widely distributed as part of China's global vaccine diplomacy, helping them become the first choice for many countries. But numerous experiments have shown that they have been hampered by omicron.

Many people received two shots of the inactivated vaccine but were unable to produce immune molecules that could fight omicron transmission. And, even with a third dose of the inactivated vaccine, individuals tended to have low levels of "neutralizing" antibodies. Neutralizing antibodies can effectively protect cells from viral infection. The third shot of another type of vaccine, such as those based on messenger RNA or purified protein, appears to offer better protection against omicrons.

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These findings have prompted many scientists and public health researchers to reassess the role of inactivated vaccines in the global fight against COVID-19.

"At this stage, we have to develop our ideas and adapt our vaccination strategies," says Qiang Pan-Hammarström, a clinical immunologist at Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm.

Billion Dollar Service

Inactivated vaccines played an important role in the global vaccine coverage campaign last year. The vaccines include those produced by China's Kechuang and Sinopharm, which account for nearly 5 billion of the more than 11 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines delivered globally to date, according to data compiled by London-based data-tracking firm Airfinity agent. More than 200 million doses of other inactivated vaccines have also been delivered, including India's Covaxin, Iran's COVIran Barekat, and Kazakhstan's QazVac.

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Such products remain critical in preventing hospitalizations and deaths from COVID-19. And, people who have not yet been vaccinated, can still perform a valuable immune-priming function.

But there was an early sign in December that the killed vaccine may not be a match for Omicron. At the time, researchers in Hong Kong analyzed the blood of 25 people who had received two doses of the coronavirus vaccine. The coronavirus vaccine is produced by Beijing Sinovac Technology Co. Ltd. (Sinovac). None of the individuals detected neutralizing antibodies against this new variant, raising the possibility that all participants were highly vulnerable to omicron infection.

Sinovac disputed the finding, pointing to internal data showing that seven of the 20 people who received the company's vaccine tested positive for antibodies that can disable Omicron. Other studies involving people vaccinated with the BBIBP-CorV3 vaccine produced by Bharat Biotech, Hyderabad, India, and Sinopharm, a Chinese state-owned enterprise, have also concluded that the inactivated vaccine is still effective against Omicron-CorV3. Some potency Although researchers at the Institute of Translational Health Sciences and Technology in Faridabad, India noted in their study, the immune response was still "suboptimal." Work on Covaxin has not been peer-reviewed.

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Immune recharge

A third dose of the inactivated vaccine has helped many people regain neutralizing activity. For example, researchers at Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine in China found neutralizing antibodies against Omicron in a study of 292 people tested only 8-9 months after an initial course of BBIBP-CorV in eight people. After another shot of the same vaccine, that number rose to 2,284. This work has not been peer-reviewed.

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Omicron may weaken COVID vaccine protection

Neutralizing antibody levels in everyone's blood remained low. But as a molecular virologist, Rafael Medina of the Catholic University of Chile in Santiago points out: "Other parts of the immune response also play a role." T cells destroy infected cells; B cells remember past infections and prepare for the future Boosts immune response; binding antibodies help control the virus.

In a preprint published on December 5, Medina and his collaborators—altered by immunologist Galit from the Reagan Institute at MGH, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MIT, and Harvard—show that people with CoronaVac maintain non- Neutralizing immune antibody binding ο and helping immune cells engulf infected cells.

On the defensive

Murat Akova, an infectious disease specialist at the Hacettepe University School of Medicine in Ankara, said that such results suggest that people who receive the inactivated vaccine, while not necessarily immune to Omicron, should still be protected from the most severe forms of COVID-19 caused by the variant. of destruction.

Still, an extra dose of the vaccine could provide some much-needed immunization coverage.

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