What are the active ingredients in cistanche?

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Luo Shang, Gu Ying, Liu Yonghe (Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an)

Abstract: Cistanche is a precious Chinese herbal medicine, which has the functions of nourishing kidney yang, nourishing essence and blood, and moisturizing the intestines. Its decoction and alcohol extract can enhance the immune function of mice with yang deficiency (prednisone model). We studied the chemical composition in cistanche and isolated two monomers from its n-butanol site, which were identified as 8-Loganic acid glucoside and mannitol. And it was determined that it contained fifteen kinds of free amino acids.

Cistanche is a precious Chinese herbal medicine. Its also been called CONGRONG, Beijing, Jinshan, Dayun. Commonly known as "desert ginseng". It is a dry, scaly fleshy stem of Cistanche deserticola, cisatnche salsa and cistanche tubulosa. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia (1) records the effects of nourishing kidney yang, nourishing essence and blood, and moisturizing the intestines. Cistanche is included in the composition of many classics such as Youyinwan. Yang Guizhen et al. (2) reported that Cistanche decoction and alcohol extract can enhance the immune function of mice with yang deficiency (prednisone modeling). See the report at the end of the chemical composition. Kobayashi Hiromi et al. (3) obtained Sophora geraniol glucoside and 8-Loganic acid glucoside from Cistanche Salsa, a plant of the same genus produced in Mongolia.

We measured 15 kinds of amino acids from Cistanche (collected in 1982) produced in Ejina Banner, Gansu. Four monomers were separated by solvent method and silica gel column chromatography. The two identified compounds are 8-Loganic acid glucoside (crystal 1) and mannitol (crystal Ⅱ). The summary reports are as follows.

Cistanche

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Experiment

The melting point analyzer is Kofler type; Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer: Fx-100 type; 1H-NMR 100MHz, 13C-NMR25MHz; Mass spectrometer: MAT-312 type; Infrared spectrometer: 7650 type; UV spectrometer: 710 types; High-speed amino acid analysis Instrument: Japanese Type 835.

1. Extraction and identification of crystal Ⅰ and crystal Ⅱ

The test material was sliced with 95% ethanol for hot reflux extraction, the extract was evaporated to remove the solvent, and the obtained paste was divided into four solvent parts: petroleum ether, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The n-butanol part was subjected to silica gel column chromatography, and eluted with different proportions of CHCl3-MeOH and EtOH, 50% EtOH, and obtained crystal I from the 1:1 CHCl3-MeOH eluent; from 50% EtOH eluent Obtained crystal II.

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chemical constituents of cistanche

Crystal I: C16 H24O10. ·2H2O is colorless needle (Abs.EtOH) mp127～128℃(uncorrected), [a]15=-133·30°(C=0.41pyr·)a-naphthol test is positive, the mother liquor is hydrolyzed on paper The Rf value of the chromatographic sugar spot is consistent with the Rf value of the standard glucose. Elemental analysis: experimental value (%) C 46.76, H6.85; calculated value (%) C46.60, H6.84. EI-MS m/e 358 (M+-H2O), 314 (M+-COOH-OH), MeOH 214, 196, 168, 97, 73, 43. The above data is consistent with the literature (3) 8-epiloganic acid (8-epiloganic acid). Therefore, it was identified as an 8-Loganic acid glucoside.

Crystal II: C. H, O. Colorless needle-shaped product (recrystallized in Me OH) mp164～165℃ (uncorrected), elemental analysis: experimental value (%) C 40.29, H7.67; calculated value (%) C 39.56, H 7.74. IR is consistent with the standard infrared spectrum of mannitol (4); the hexaacetate of crystal II is prepared by conventional methods to obtain colorless square crystals (reconstituted product in ethanol) mp 124～125℃ and mannitol standard hexaacetate acid The esters have the same melting point, so they are identified as mannitol.

cistanche deserticola benefits

2. Analysis of free amino acids

Take 10 grams of Cistanche (shredded and passed through a 40-mesh sieve) and heat-extract three times with 90ml of 50% ethanol. The extract is filtered. The filtrate is passed through 20 grams of 732 type cation exchange resin and washed with distilled water until the eluent is sugar-free. Elute with 20% NH4OH aqueous solution, collect the fractions that are positive to ninhydrin, concentrate to 10ml, add sulfosalicylic acid, and adjust to pH 2.2 with hydrochloric acid, centrifuge to remove turbidity, the clear solution is 0.02N HCl was diluted 4 times and measured with Japan 835 high-speed amino acid analyzer.

The content of milligrams of various amino acids in every hundred grams of Cistanche:

Acknowledgments Comrade Dai Zhen of our hospital participated in part of the experimental work. Comrades Lu Fengling and Yan Bianjie did infrared, ultraviolet, and elemental analysis; Yunnan Institute of Botany, Provincial Bureau of Metrology, and Provincial Institute of Zoology performed mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic, and amino acid analysis respectively.