A Narrative Review Of The Pharmacology Of Ginsenoside Compound K Part 3
Jul 27, 2023
Acknowledgments
Glycoside of cistanche can also increase the activity of SOD in heart and liver tissues, and significantly reduce the content of lipofuscin and MDA in each tissue, effectively scavenging various reactive oxygen radicals (OH-, H₂O₂, etc.) and protecting against DNA damage caused by OH-radicals. Cistanche phenylethanoid glycosides have a strong scavenging ability of free radicals, a higher reducing ability than vitamin C, improve the activity of SOD in sperm suspension, reduce the content of MDA, and have a certain protective effect on sperm membrane function. Cistanche polysaccharides can enhance the activity of SOD and GSH-Px in erythrocytes and lung tissues of experimentally senescent mice caused by D-galactose, as well as reduce the content of MDA and collagen in lung and plasma, and increase the content of elastin, have a good scavenging effect on DPPH, prolong the time of hypoxia in senescent mice, improve the activity of SOD in serum, and delay the physiological degeneration of lung in experimentally senescent mice With cellular morphological degeneration, experiments have shown that Cistanche has the good antioxidant ability and has the potential to be a drug to prevent and treat skin aging diseases. At the same time, echinacoside in Cistanche has a significant ability to scavenge DPPH free radicals and has the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species and prevent free radical-induced collagen degradation, and also has a good repair effect on thymine free radical anion damage.
Click on Cistanche Tubulosa Supplement
【For more info:george.deng@wecistanche.com / WhatApp:86 13632399501】
Funding: This work was supported by the Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau Technology Innovation R&D Project (grant No. 2021-YF05-00595-5N).
Footnote
Reporting Checklist: The authors have completed the Narrative Review reporting checklist.
Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form. All authors report the study was supported by Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau Technology Innovation R&D Project (grant No. 2021-YF05-00595-5N). The authors have no other conflicts of interest to declare.
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128.Yamada N, Araki H, Yoshimura H. Identification of antidepressant-like ingredients in ginseng root (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) using a menopausal depressive-like state in female mice: participation of 5-HT2A receptors. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2011;216:589-99.
129.Shin KO, Seo CH, Cho HH, et al. Ginsenoside compound K inhibits angiogenesis via the regulation of sphingosine kinase-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Arch Pharm Res 2014;37:1183-92.
130.Lee ES, Choi JS, Kim MS, et al. Ginsenoside metabolite compound K differentially antagonizes tumor necrosis factor-α-induced monocyte-endothelial trafficking. Chem Biol Interact 2011;194:13-22.
131.Lu S, Luo Y, Zhou P, et al. Ginsenoside compound K protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells against oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced injury via inhibition of nuclear factor-κB, p38, and JNK MAPK pathways. J Ginseng Res 2019;43:95-104.
132.Park ES, Lee KP, Jung SH, et al. Compound K, an intestinal metabolite of ginsenosides, inhibits PDGF-BBinduced VSMC proliferation and migration through G1 arrest and attenuates neointimal hyperplasia after arterial injury. Atherosclerosis 2013;228:53-60.
133.Tsutsumi YM, Tsutsumi R, Mawatari K, et al. Compound K, a metabolite of ginsenosides, induces cardiac protection mediated nitric oxide via Akt/PI3K pathway. Life Sci 2011;88:725-9.
134.Li X, Huang Q, Wang M, et al. Compound K Inhibits Autophagy-Mediated Apoptosis Through Activation of the PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway Thus Protecting Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018;47:2589-601.
135.Lee CS, Bae IH, Han J, et al. Compound K inhibits MMP- 1 expression through suppression of c-Src-dependent ERK activation in TNF-α-stimulated dermal fibroblast. Exp Dermatol 2014;23:819-24.
136.Cai BX, Luo D, Lin XF, et al. Compound K suppresses ultraviolet radiation-induced apoptosis by inducing DNA repair in human keratinocytes. Arch Pharm Res 2008;31:1483-8.
137.He D, Sun J, Zhu X, et al. Compound K increases type I procollagen level and decreases matrix metalloproteinase-1 activity and level in ultraviolet-A-irradiated fibroblasts. J Formos Med Assoc 2011;110:153-60.
138.Kirtonia A, Sethi G, Garg M. The multifaceted role of reactive oxygen species in tumorigenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020;77:4459-83.
139.Wang YS, Zhu H, Li H, et al. Ginsenoside compound K inhibits nuclear factor-kappa B by targeting Annexin A2. J Ginseng Res 2019;43:452-9.
140.Kang KA, Kim YW, Kim SU, et al. G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle by a ginseng metabolite, compound K, in U937 human monocytic leukemia cells. Arch Pharm Res 2005;28:685-90.
141.Han J, Wang Y, Cai E, et al. Study of the Effects and Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Compound K on Myelosuppression. J Agric Food Chem 2019;67:1402-8.
142.Boshtam M, Asgary S, Kouhpayeh S, et al. Aptamers Against Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines: A Review. Inflammation 2017;40:340-9.
143.Liu Y, Perumalsamy H, Kang CH, et al. Intracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles by Gluconacetobacter liquefaciens for delivery of peptide CopA3 and ginsenoside and anti-inflammatory effect on lipopolysaccharide activated macrophages. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2020;48:777-88.
144.Wang B, Dong J, Xu J, et al. Ginsenoside CK inhibits obese insulin resistance by activating PPARγ to interfere with macrophage activation. Microb Pathog 2021;157:105002.
145.Wu CY, Hua KF, Hsu WH, et al. IgA Nephropathy Benefits from Compound K Treatment by Inhibiting NF- κB/NLRP3 Inflammasome and Enhancing Autophagy and SIRT1. J Immunol 2020;205:202-12.
146.Aboyans V. Introducing the 2019 ESC Guidelines on Diabetes, Pre-Diabetes, and CVD. Eur Heart J 2019;40:3217-9.
147.Brubaker PL. Minireview: update on incretin biology: focus on glucagon-like peptide-1. Endocrinology 2010;151:1984-9.
148.Mueller KD, Koscik RL, Du L, et al. Proper names from story recall are associated with beta-amyloid in cognitively unimpaired adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease. Cortex 2020;131:137-50.
149.Hou JG, Xue JJ, Lee MR, et al. Compound K can ameliorate impaired cognitive function and hippocampal neurogenesis following chemotherapy treatment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013;436:104-9.
150.Wang H, Qu F, Xin T, et al. Ginsenoside Compound K Promotes Proliferation, Migration and Differentiation of Schwann Cells via the Activation of MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT Pathways. Neurochem Res 2021;46:1400-9.
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