Analysis Of The Medication Patterns Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Cuscuta Chinensis Lam Based On Data Mining Ⅱ

2.5 Analysis of main diseases treated by dodder-containing prescriptions

According to the classification standards of "Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Part 2: Syndrome", a statistical analysis was conducted on the main diseases treated by 314 dodder-containing dodder preparations, involving a total of 14 types of diseases (see Figure 6). After statistical analysis, it was found that prescriptions containing dodder slices have a wide range of clinical applications in traditional Chinese medicine, mainly focusing on kidney diseases (renal fistula, kidney engraftment, renal carbuncle), male anterior genital disease (zi carbuncle, ziyan, hematosclerosis, etc.). Hernia, muscle hernia), symptomatic venereal diseases (fever, convulsions, dizziness), fetal, childbirth and its diseases (pseudopregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, fetal leakage).

Cistanche tubulosa, Angelica sinensis, Epimedium,Health Supplements

2. 6 Analysis of core drug combinations for the treatment of different diseases with dodder-containing prescriptions

2. 6. 1 Cluster analysis of kidney disease drugs

Cluster analysis was performed using SPSS Modeler 18.0 and SPSS Statistics 18.0 software to obtain the correlation between kidney disease drugs.

Taking prescriptions containing Cuscuta seeds as the research object, the Apriori algorithm was used to establish the model. The confidence level was set to 100%, and the preceding value was set to 2. Through association rule analysis, 6 core drug pairs were obtained, namely Cuscuta seeds, Rehmannia glutinosa, and Lycium barbarum. , Cistanche tubulosa, Angelica sinensis, Epimedium, and Poria cocos (see Table 7). The improvement degree of all drugs is greater than 1, indicating that there is a good correlation between these drugs.

Through the analysis of the main diseases, it was found that among the prescriptions containing Cuscuta seeds, 99 of the main diseases were kidney diseases, and the main symptoms treated were Yang Qi deficiency and low back pain. In the statistical analysis of association rules, the weak link is set to 5 and the strong link is set to 100. The network diagram shows the relationship between drugs.

The correlation rules and strength of the correlation. The darker the color of the correlation diagram, the stronger the correlation between them, and the greater the probability of occurrence at the same time. The analysis results are shown in Figure 7.

Through cluster analysis and grouping of nephrology drugs, a total of 6 clusters were obtained (see Figure 8). Cluster 1: Angelica Sinensis (activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis, regulating menstruation and relieving pain, moistening dryness and smoothing intestines), ginseng (tonifying vitality, strengthening the spleen and lungs); Cluster 2: wolfberry (tonifying kidney and essence, delaying aging), Eucommia ulmoides (tonifying liver Kidney, strengthen muscles and bones, regulate Chong and Ren); Cluster 3: Epimedium (tonifying kidney yang, dispelling wind and dampness, antidepressant), Cynomorium cynomolgus (tonifying kidney and yang, moisturizing intestines and laxative), Astragalus (tonifying qi, detoxifying) Drain pus, diuresis and reduce swelling); Cluster 4: Rehmannia glutinosa (nourishes yin and blood, replenishes essence and marrow), Cistanche tubulosa (tonifies kidney and yang, strengthens yin and replenishes essence, moisturizes intestines and relieves constipation); Cluster 5: Achyranthes bidentata (activates blood circulation) Remove blood stasis, nourish liver and kidney), Psoralen (tonify kidney and yang, relieve asthma and stop diarrhea), Polygonum multiflorum (tonify liver and kidney, nourish blood and dispel wind); Cluster 6: Poria (diuretic and dampness, strengthen spleen and stomach, Nourishes the heart and calms the nerves), yam (reduces water and dampness, strengthens the spleen and stomach, nourishes the heart and calms the mind), Schisandra chinensis (astringents and solidifies astringency, replenishes qi and promotes fluid production, nourishes the kidneys and calms the heart). The treatment of kidney disease should focus on replenishing the liver and kidneys and strengthening the spleen [9]. Therefore, in the treatment of kidney diseases, it is advisable to use wolfberry, Rehmannia glutinosa, cistanche tubulosa, and dodder in combination.

2. 6. Cluster analysis of medications for male genital diseases

The Apriori algorithm was used for modeling analysis, the confidence level was set to 100%, and the previous value was set to 2, and a display diagram of the male genital disease drug association network was obtained (see Figure 9). According to traditional Chinese medicine, carbuncle, cystic carbuncle, hemorrhagic hernia, cystic prolapse, etc. are mainly caused by kidney deficiency, insufficient kidney qi, or deficiency of qi and blood. Therefore, in clinical treatment, replenishing the liver and kidneys and smoothing qi and blood should be the main treatment principles [10]. According to the association rules of high-frequency drugs related to male vulvar diseases, three main drug pairs were obtained, namely Cuscuta and Epimedium, Cistanche tubulosa, and Polygonum multiflorum (see Table 8). The four main drugs are composed of yang-tonifying drugs and deficiency-tonifying drugs, which reflects that the treatment of male anterior yin disease should be based on tonifying kidney yang deficiency. On this basis, epimedium, Cistanche tubulosa, Polygonum multiflorum, and Cuscuta semen are used as the main medicinal substances to provide a scientific basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of male genital diseases such as impotence, spermatorrhea, and premature ejaculation.

There are 65 prescriptions containing dodder for treating male vulva diseases. The diseases specifically treated include carbuncle, pharyngitis, blood hernia, and tendon hernia.

Drug cluster analysis was performed and grouped using SPSS Statistics 27.0 software, and a total of 5 clusters were obtained (see Figure 10). Cluster 1: Eucommia ulmoides (tonifying the liver and kidneys, strengthening muscles and bones, regulating the kidneys), Achyranthes bidentata (activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis, nourishing the liver and kidneys); Cluster 2: Morinda officinalis (tonifying the kidneys and nourishing yang, strengthening muscles and bones) , dispelling rheumatism), psoralen (strengthening the spleen and kidneys, relieving asthma), yam (improving physical fitness, strengthening the spleen and stomach, nourishing the kidneys and replenishing essence), Poria (dieting water and dampness, strengthening the spleen and stomach, nourishing the heart and calming the mind); Cluster 3: Rehmannia glutinosa (nourishes yin, replenishes essence and blood, nourishes blood), Angelica sinensis (activates blood and relieves pain, moisturizes dryness and smooths intestines); Cluster 4: Deer antler (strengthens kidney yang, replenishes essence and blood, strengthens muscles and bones), astragalus (tonifies qi, detoxifies) Drain pus, diuresis and reduce swelling); Cluster 5: Lycium barbarum (tonifying the kidneys and replenishing essence, delaying aging), Schisandra chinensis (converging and fixing astringency, replenishing qi and promoting fluid production, tonifying the kidneys and calming the heart). The results of the association rule analysis are as follows: There are 314 prescriptions containing Cuscuta semen, of which 65 prescriptions treat male genital diseases such as nocturnal emissions, spermatorrhea, premature ejaculation, etc., which are mostly caused by heart-kidney disharmony or kidney-qi deficiency.

Table 6 Dosage form distribution

2. 6. 3. Principal component analysis of high-frequency drug prescriptions

Analysis of the main components of the prescriptions containing dodder pieces showed that the KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) value was 0.658 (KMO value > 0.5). There is a great correlation between the variables), the principal component of high-frequency drugs The analysis is shown in Figure 11. The approximate χ2 of Bartlett's sphericity test is 610.331 (degrees of freedom is 91), indicating that there is a big difference between the variables (P<0.001). These data can be explained through factor analysis (see Table 9).

The common factors of the high-frequency drug Cuscuta japonica were analyzed, and 5 common factors were obtained, and the percentage of the cumulative factors was 57.933%. As can be seen from Figure 12, there is an obvious inflection point after the principal component factor 5, so we can determine that the principal component factors are 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 (Cuscuta, wolfberry, Rehmannia glutinosa, angelica, yam) It is an important factor affecting the quality of traditional Chinese medicine.

Table 9 5 Principal component factor Analysis table

Figure 11 Principal component analysis chart of high-frequency drugs

Figure 12 Factor analysis scree plot

3 Discussion

Cuscuta has many clinical uses and is included in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Prescriptions containing dodder are mainly used to treat male impotence, cystic carbuncle, kidney deficiency, and other diseases. The method of association rules was used to identify the frequently used drugs in prescriptions containing Cuscuta seeds and Excel software was used to screen out the compatibility of Cuscuta seeds with Salvia miltiorrhiza, Polygonatum, Lycium barbarum, and Golden cherry seeds. It was found that Cuscuta seeds are mainly compatible with drugs such as tonic and astringent. There are many types of preparations containing dodder seeds, but they are mainly pills, capsules, and tablets for oral administration. If combined with some traditional Chinese medicine, they can be used clinically for external use and can also be used to treat skin diseases such as vitiligo, anti-itching, and freckle removal [11-12 ].

Analysis of the frequency of drug use shows that the top 10 most frequently used drugs in Cuscuta chinensis prescriptions are Cuscuta chinensis, wolfberry, Rehmannia glutinosa, Angelica sinensis, Chinese yam, Astragalus, Poria, Epimedium, Schisandra chinensis, and Atractylodes macrocephala, and the frequency of use is all greater than 90. These medicines are mainly used to replenish essence, nourish yin and blood, moisturize the intestines and relieve constipation, strengthen the spleen and stomach, nourish qi and strengthen the surface, strengthen the spleen and calm the heart, nourish the kidney and strengthen yang, and strengthen the spleen and qi. The medicines are relatively concentrated, which is why Cuscuta seeds treat diabetes. It provides an important basis for the clinical application of diseases such as osteoporosis, impotence and spermatorrhea, kidney deficiency and fetal leakage. From the frequency analysis of high-frequency drug association rules, the medication status of Cuscuta chinensis is obtained, and the joint medication status is explained by selecting high-frequency drugs.

Make sure the core combinations you get are common. Showing the individual characteristics of different drug combinations can reflect the common characteristics of Cuscuta in different combinations. Through the comparison of three groups of medicines, it can be seen that the combination of Cuscuta Seed and Angelicae Sinensis can nourish yin and nourish the kidneys, and is mainly used to treat diseases caused by kidney deficiency.

Symptoms such as dizziness and tinnitus; the combination of Cuscuta Seed and Astragalus has the effect of enhancing immunity, and can also regulate blood sugar and blood lipids; the combination of Cuscuta Seed and Eucommia Eucommia can nourish the kidneys and essence, strengthen bones and muscles, and nourish the liver and improve vision. Judging from the nature, flavor, and meridians of the drug, the medicinal properties of Cuscuta japonica are warm and neutral. The medicinal taste is mainly sweet, bitter, and pungent, and it mostly enters the liver, spleen, kidney, heart, and lung meridians. Sweet medicines have the effect of tonic and neutralizing, so sweet medicines can be used to nourish the heart, spleen and lungs; pungent medicines have the effect of spreading upward, so pungent medicines are used to soothe the liver; bitter medicines have the effect of clearing away heat and diluting dampness, so they are used The bitter taste clears liver fire. Judging from the categories of medicinal effects, Cuscuta japonica is mainly used to replenish deficiency, activate blood circulation and remove blood stasis, and replenish qi. To sum up, Cuscutae mainly nourishes the liver and kidneys, takes care of the heart and lungs, tonifies deficiency and calms the mind, activates blood circulation and removes blood stasis, which reflects its synergistic effect of tonifying deficiency and the dialectical thinking of balancing deficiency and excess, emphasizing the spleen and stomach as the acquired foundation.

Based on the association rule analysis of medications for male vulva diseases, the main categories are Cuscuta-Epimedium, Cuscuta-Cistanche tubulosa, Cuscuta-Polygonum multiflorum. For example, Sanshen Pills contain traditional Chinese medicine ingredients such as Cistanche tubulosa, epimedium, dodder, wolfberry, psoralen, etc., which can nourish the kidneys, replenish qi, warm and strengthen yang.

It is inferred that the combined use of Cuscuta-Epimedium, Cuscuta-Cistanche tubulosa, and Cuscuta-Polygonum multiflorum can enhance the efficacy of Cuscuta in treating kidney essence deficiency. The analysis of medications for kidney diseases based on association rules mainly includes Cuscuta-Poria, Cuscuta-Epimedium, Cuscuta-Angelica, Cuscuta-Cistanche tubulosa, Cuscuta-Lycium barbarum, Cuscuta-Rehmannia glutinosa and other compatibility combinations. For example, Qilu Wenshen Capsule contains Cuscuta, Rehmannia glutinosa, Cynomorium cynomorium, wolfberry, Schisandra and other traditional Chinese medicine ingredients, which have the effect of warming yang and nourishing the kidney. It is inferred that the combined use of Cuscuta-Poria, Cuscuta-Angelica, Cuscuta-Cistanche tubulosa, Cuscuta-Lycium barbarum, Cuscuta-Epimedium, Cuscuta-Rehmannia glutinosa can enhance the efficacy of Cuscuta in treating kidney deficiency. This article adopts the correlation analysis method, takes Cuscuta semen as the main research object, conducts correlation analysis on its prescriptions, and explores its mechanism of action in traditional Chinese medicine compounds. exist

On this basis, cluster analysis of association rules between Cuscutae and the medication for male anterior genital disease, kidney deficiency, and other diseases was conducted to make its clinical application more scientific and reasonable and to provide certain references for the research and development of Cuscuta drugs.

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