Analysis of the Medication Patterns of Traditional Chinese Medicine Cuscuta Chinensis Lam Based on Data Mining
Mar 07, 2024
Abstract：
Objective: Based on association rules and cluster analysis, a study was conducted in the Cuscuta Chinese CE for clinical medicine and the development of new formulas.
Methods: The Chinese traditional pattern of medicines and simple preparations containing ng Cuscuta chinensis Lam in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the second edition of the New National Formulas were Retrieved and screened as the source. SPSS Modeler 18.0, SPSS Statistics 27.0, etc. were used to analyze the Prescription content of Cuscuta Chinese Lam in the prescriptions, including the main diseases, medicines Frequency, main components, etc. In⁃depth analysis of drug combinations was co. nducted by choosing high⁃Frequency of medication use and type of disease.
Results: The research results show that the top five most frequently used drugs are Cuscuta japonica and Lily cium barbarum L., Rehmanniae Radix Prapeparata, Angelicas Sinensis Radix, and Dioscoreae Rhizoma. Correlation analysis of traditional Chinese medicine compounds containing shepherd's purse seeds and their total amounts resulted in 19 commonly used drug pairs.
Conclusion: The amaranth prescription is mainly for replenishing deficiency and can be used in conjunction with EPI to treat male anterior vaginal disease with Cistanche tubulosa. They can also be combined with lichen and Rehmannia glutinosa to treat kidney diseases. Other diseases and dosage forms are studied to expand the scope of its primary treatment.
Keywords: Chinese mole cricket; data mining; association rules; cluster analysis
Cistanche Astragulas Ginseng Capsules
Cuscuta is Cuscuta australis R.Br. or Cuscuta chine from the Convolvulaceae plant. The dried and mature seeds of nsis Lam were first seen in "Shen Nong's Materia Medica" and are a "top grade" [1]
. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that Cuscuta seeds belong to the liver, kidney, and spleen meridians, and their main functions are to nourish the liver and kidneys, stabilize sperm and reduce urination, prevent fetuses, and improve eyesight [2]. It is useful for dizziness, tinnitus, fetal leakage due to kidney deficiency, and diarrhea due to spleen deficiency. Good therapeutic effect. Association rule analysis is a method used to analyze the regular relationships between multiple variables. In the analysis of the dosing rules of dodder preparations, it often appears as the link between two drugs [3].
Seed of Cuscuta is a common Chinese medicine in clinical practice. To better carry out syndrome differentiation, treatment, and compatibility application, to better exert the effect of Seed of Cuscuta, this article conducts data mining on Chinese medicine prescriptions containing Seed of Cuscuta and analyzes their main diseases and syndromes. The regularity and compatibility of commonly used drugs were studied, thereby providing certain reference and references for the clinical application and development of Cuscuta semen.
1 Materials and methods
1.1 Source of information
The national drug standards were searched and a statistical analysis was conducted on the prescriptions containing dodder seeds in the 2nd edition of the "New National Prescriptions" and the 2020 edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia", and a total of 314 were obtained [4-5]
Based on the prescription containing Cuscuta semen, the composition of the prescription was searched and a total of 39 high-frequency drugs were screened out.
1. 2 Prescription entry
According to the national standard "Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Part 2: Syndrome"
[6], classify the recorded Chinese medicine prescriptions, name the salted dodder seeds, wine dodder seeds, fried dodder seeds, and steamed dodder seeds as dodder seeds, and classify the diseases they mainly treat, such as kidney water, renal failure, etc. are classified as nephropathy; Carbuncle, phlegm, cystic carbuncle, etc. are classified as male anterior vaginal diseases; amenorrhea, menstrual leakage, early menstruation, etc. are classified as women's menstruation, vaginal discharge, and miscellaneous diseases. Input the prescriptions containing dodder seeds into Excel software to establish a data system, and organize and analyze the prescriptions in the data system.
1.3 Data processing of prescriptions
Use Excel software to perform statistical analysis on the frequency and meridian tropism of the prescriptions. On this basis, the April algorithm in SPSS Modeler 18.0 software was used for modeling, and the correlation of core drugs was analyzed. System clustering was analyzed using SPSS Statistics 27.0 software, and the analysis results were displayed in a dendrogram.
2. 2 Statistics on the nature and flavor of high-frequency single-herb traditional Chinese medicines
The theory of medicinal properties of traditional Chinese medicine is an important part of the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine. It includes four qi, five flavors, meridians, rising and falling, poisonous and non-toxic, etc. The properties and taste are the main basis for the efficacy of medicines [7]. The statistical results are shown in Table 2. 3. As shown in Table 4. The medicinal properties are mainly warm, followed by flat and cold (see Figure 1); the medicinal taste is mainly sweet, followed by bitter and pungent (see Figure 2); the main meridians are kidney, liver, and spleen, the results are as follows As shown in Figure 3.
2. 3 Association rules and cluster analysis
Correlation analysis is a method of mining high-frequency item sets. Support is the number of frequent occurrences. The larger its value, the greater its proportion. Confidence is the credibility of the rule. The larger the value, the closer the connection between the two. Through SPSS Modeler18.0 software and Apriori algorithm modeling, association rules were analyzed for high-frequency drugs, and the association rules between high-frequency drugs were mined. Set the confidence level to 100%, based on the improvement degree > 1. According to the system default maximum number of connections is 80, weak links are set to 5, and strong links are set to 60. The thicker the line, the closer the connection. After mining potential drug combinations, 19 drug pairs with Cuscuta as the core were obtained. The statistical results are shown in Table 5, and the high-frequency drug correlations are shown in Figure 4.
2. 2 Statistics on the nature and flavor of high-frequency single-herb traditional Chinese medicines
The theory of medicinal properties of traditional Chinese medicine is an important part of the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine. It includes four qi, five flavors, meridians, rising and falling, poisonous and non-toxic, etc. The properties and taste are the main basis for the efficacy of medicines [7]. The statistical results are shown in Table 2. 3. As shown in Table 4. The medicinal properties are mainly warm, followed by flat and cold (see Figure 1); the medicinal taste is mainly sweet, followed by bitter and pungent (see Figure 2); the main meridians are kidney, liver, and spleen, the results are as follows As shown in Figure 3.
Cistanche Astragulas Ginseng Capsules
2. 3 Association rules and cluster analysis
Correlation analysis is a method of mining high-frequency item sets. Support is the number of frequent occurrences. The larger its value, the greater its proportion. Confidence is the credibility of the rule. The larger the value, the closer the connection between the two. Through SPSS Modeler18.0 software and Apriori algorithm modeling, association rules were analyzed for high-frequency drugs, and the association rules between high-frequency drugs were mined. Set the confidence level to 100%, based on the improvement degree > 1. According to the system default maximum number of connections is 80, weak links are set to 5, and strong links are set to 60. The thicker the line, the closer the connection. After mining potential drug combinations, 19 drug pairs with Cuscuta as the core were obtained. The statistical results are shown in Table 5, and the high-frequency drug correlations are shown in Figure 4.
Based on the association rule study of traditional Chinese medicine compound preparations of Cuscuta, 19 core drug pairs were obtained, such as Cuscuta - Lycium barbarum (yang-tonifying medicine - deficiency-tonifying medicine), Cuscuta - Salvia miltiorrhiza (yang-tonifying medicine - blood-activating and blood-stasis-removing medicine), Cuscuta - Polygonatum (yang-tonifying medicine - yin-tonifying medicine), Cuscuta semen - golden cherry seed (yang-tonifying medicine -
Astringent medicine), Cuscuta-Polygala (yang-tonifying medicine-soothing medicine), Cuscuta-Ophiopogon japonicus (yang-tonifying medicine-yin-nourishing medicine), Cuscuta-cinnamon (yang-tonifying medicine-warming medicine), Cuscuta seed-Dipsacus (tonifying medicine) Cuscuta seed - Ligusticum chuanxiong (Yang medicine - activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis), Cuscuta seed - Codonopsis root (Yang medicine - Qi tonic medicine), Cuscuta seed - Rehmannia glutinosa (Yang medicine - heat clearing medicine), Cuscuta seed - Deer antler (yang-tonifying medicine-Yang-tonifying medicine), Cuscuta Semen-Polygonum multiflorum (Yang-tonifying medicine-deficiency-tonifying medicine), Cuscuta Seed-Ginseng (Yang-tonifying medicine-Qi-tonifying medicine), Cuscuta Seed-Psoralen (Yang-tonifying medicine-deficiency-tonifying medicine) , Cuscuta - Achyranthes bidentata (yang-tonifying medicine - blood-activating and blood-stasis-removing medicine), Cuscuta - Eucommia ulmoides (yang-tonifying medicine - deficiency-tonifying medicine), Cuscuta - Astragalus (yang-tonifying medicine - qi-tonifying medicine), Cuscuta - Angelicae (yang-tonifying medicine - blood tonic). To sum up, when Cuscutae is used clinically in traditional Chinese medicine, it is often used in combination with tonic drugs, blood-activating and blood-stasis-removing drugs, and qi-tonifying drugs.
Through cluster analysis, a total of 5 cluster combinations were obtained using the average linkage pedigree (see Figure 5). Cluster 1: Chinese yam (strengthens the spleen and stomach, nourishes the kidneys and astringes essence, moistens the lungs and relieves cough), Poria cocos (strengthens the spleen and calms the heart, diuresis and dampness), indicating that this type of medicine has the effects of strengthening the spleen and stomach, nourishing the kidneys, and moistening the lungs; cluster Category 2: Rehmannia glutinosa (nourishing yin, replenishing essence, and blood), Cistanche tubulosa (tonifying the kidneys and yang, moisturizing the intestines and laxative), indicating that this type of medicine has the effects of nourishing yin and nourishing the kidneys, moistening the intestines and laxatives; Cluster 3: Angelica sinensis (tonifying the intestines and laxatives) (laxative, regulating menstruation and relieving pain), Atractylodes (strengthening the spleen and replenishing qi, drying dampness and diuresis), and Astragalus (tonifying qi and strengthening the surface, astringing sores and promoting muscle growth), indicating that this type of medicine can treat sores and muscle growth, spleen deficiency syndrome, and qi and blood deficiency. Deficiency and other diseases; Cluster 4: Achyranthes bidentata (tonifying the liver and strengthening muscles, removing blood stasis and promoting menstruation), Psoralen psoralen (warming the kidneys, promoting yang, absorbing qi and stopping qi)
diarrhea), indicating that this type of medicine has the effects of tonifying the kidneys, strengthening yang, strengthening muscles and bones, etc.; Cluster 5: Epimedium (tonifying the kidneys and strengthening yang, dispelling wind and removing dampness), ginseng (strengthening the spleen and lungs, calming the heart and improving intelligence, nourishing blood and promoting fluid production), Lycium barbarum (tonifying the kidneys and replenishing essence, delaying aging) and Schisandra chinensis (tonifying the kidneys and calming the mind, fixing the surface and stopping sweating) indicate that this type of medicine is mainly used to treat diseases such as liver and kidney deficiency, soreness of the waist and knees, spleen and kidney deficiency and diarrhea.
2. 4 Dosage form distribution
There are various types of prescriptions containing dodder, mainly including pills, capsules, and tablets. Among them, the frequency of pills is 102, accounting for 34%, the frequency of capsules is 48, accounting for 18%, and the frequency of tablets is 43, accounting for 16%. Other statistical results are shown in Table 6. Pills are traditional Chinese medicine preparations that are easy to take, have good compliance, and are easy to carry. There are also many capsules and tablets, which have the advantages of wide application, convenient use, and long-lasting efficacy [8].
