Analysis The Nutrient Composition Of Cistanche Deserticola And Its Antioxidant Activity

Abstract: Cistanche deserticola from Alashan origin in Inner Mongolia were selected and analysed for their nutritional composition and antioxidant activity. The results showed that the protein content of Cistanche deserticola was 13.08 g/100 g, the fat content was 0.20 g/100 g, the total polyphenol content was (19.90±3.74) mg GAE/g DW, and the total flavonoid content was (10.67±2.56) mg RE/g DW. Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Cistanche deserticola were able to scavenge DPPH and ABTS free radicals, showing a dose-effect relationship in the concentration range, and the ethanolic extract of Cistanche deserticola had better free radical scavenging activity. This experiment can provide theoretical support for the development of antioxidant products of Cistanche deserticola. 

Keywords: Cistanche deserticola; nutrient composition; total polyphenols; total flavonoids

HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE FOR CISTANCHE TO WORK T?

Cistanche deserticola is a plant with rich medicinal value, also known as golden bud, gnome and brassica. Cistanche deserticola is known as "desert ginseng" due to its high nutritional value [1] and has dual-use properties as food and medicine. At present, more than 120 compounds have been isolated from Cistanche deserticola, including phenylethanoid glycosides [2-3], lignans and their glycosides [4], polyphenols and polysaccharides, etc. [5-6]. They are used in antioxidants [7], It plays a positive role in anti-inflammatory [8] and other aspects. As consumers' awareness of health care increases, Cistanche deserticola and its extracts are increasingly used in food.

Alxa, Inner Mongolia, is one of the main production areas of Cistanche deserticola [9]. The current Cistanche deserticola planting area has exceeded 260 km2. However, there are currently few reports on the nutritional composition and antioxidant activity of Cistanche deserticola in Alxa.

This study uses Cistanche deserticola from Alxa in Inner Mongolia as the experimental product to analyze its nutritional components and measure the antioxidant activity of Cistanche deserticola extract to understand the nutritional components and antioxidant activity of Cistanche deserticola from Alxa and provide theory for the development of Cistanche deserticola products. support.

1 Materials and methods

1.1 Materials and reagents

Cistanche deserticola was collected from Alxa, Inner Mongolia; Folin phenol, ethanol, phenol, gallic acid, and rutin (Shanghai McLean); sodium hydroxide, sodium nitrite, aluminum nitrate, and sodium carbonate (Shanghai Aladdin); DPPH, ABTS (USA) Sigma).

1.2 Instruments and equipment

Rotary evaporator (Guangzhou Aika); high-speed centrifuge (Eppendorf, USA); ultrasonic cleaning machine (Beijing Taiyuanda); electric blast drying oven (Shanghai Zhixin); crusher (Hebei Benchen); microplate reader ( BioTek (USA).

1.3 Experimental methods

1.3.1 Preparation of Cistanche deserticola extract

Wash fresh Cistanche deserticola, remove impurities, cut into thick slices, and put the method of Zhang Wenye et al. [11] with slight modifications. Prepare 50 mg·mL-1 rutin solution and 0 to 0.13 mg·mL-1 rutin solution.

D calibration curve solution. Mix 1 mL of sample solution with 0.3 mL of 5% sodium nitrite solution and let stand for 15 minutes. Add 0.3 mL of 10% aluminum nitrate solution and 4 mL of 4% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the volume to 10 mL. Let stand in the dark for 20 minutes and measure the absorbance A510. Total flavonoid content was expressed in rutin equivalents (mg RE/g DW).

1.3.2 Determination of basic nutritional components of Cistanche deserticola

The direct drying method was used to determine the moisture content; the Kjeldahl method was used to determine the protein content; the Soxhlet extraction method was used to determine the fat content; and the muffle furnace burning method was used to determine the ash content.

1.3.3 Determination of total phenolic content μg·mL-1 gallic acid solution and prepare a calibration curve solution of 0 to 100 μg·mL-1. Take 100 μL of sample, add 100 μL of 10% folinol reagent, let it stand for 15 min, add 80 μL of 7.5% sodium carbonate solution, let it stand in the dark for 60 min, and measure the absorbance A760. Total polyphenol content was expressed as gallic acid equivalents (mg GAE/g DW).

1.3.4 Determination of total flavonoid content

Refer to the method of Zhang Wenye et al. [11] with slight modifications. Prepar

Refer to the method of LI et al. [10] with slight modifications. Prepare 250e a 50 mg·mL-1 rutin solution and a 0 to 0.13 mg·mL-1 rutin calibration curve solution. Mix 1 mL of sample solution with 0.3 mL of 5% sodium nitrite solution and let stand for 15 minutes. Add 0.3 mL of 10% aluminum nitrate solution and 4 mL of 4% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the volume to 10 mL. Let stand in the dark for 20 minutes and measure the absorbance A510. Total flavonoid content was expressed in rutin equivalents (mg RE/g DW).

1.3.5 Determination of DPPH free radical scavenging ability of Cistanche deserticola extract

Refer to the method of PEREIRA FARIAS et al. [12] with slight modifications. Take an appropriate amount of sample, dilute it with solvent, mix 100 μL of sample solution and 900 μL of DPPH solution, and let stand in the dark for 25 minutes. Measure the absorbance A518, and calculate the DPPH radical scavenging rate as

1.3.5 Determination of DPPH free radical scavenging ability of Cistanche deserticola extract

Refer to the method of PEREIRA FARIAS et al. [12] with slight modifications. Take an appropriate amount of sample, dilute it with solvent, mix 100 μL of sample solution and 900 μL of DPPH solution, and let stand in the dark for 25 minutes. Measure the absorbance A518, and calculate the DPPH radical scavenging rate as

In the formula: A1 is the absorbance after the reaction between the sample and DPPH; A0 is the absorbance after the reaction between distilled water and DPPH; A2 is the absorbance after the reaction between the sample and absolute ethanol.

1.3.6 Determination of ABTS free radical scavenging ability of Cistanche deserticola extract

Refer to the method of Kong Yuting et al. [13] to prepare the reaction solution. The absorbance of 20 μL of sample mixed with 200 μL of ABTS solution was read at 734 nm. The ABTS free radical scavenging rate calculation formula is

free radical scavenging rate

Free radical scavenging rate (2)

In the formula: A3 is the absorbance after the reaction between the sample and ABTS; A4 is the absorbance after the reaction between the sample and 70% ethanol; A5 is the absorbance after the reaction between distilled water and ABTS.

1.3.7 Data Statistics and Analysis

No less than 3 parallel measurements were performed, and the results were expressed as "mean ± standard deviation". All data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 27.0 and GraphPad 8. P<0.05 means the difference is statistically significant.

2 Results and analysis

2.1 Analysis of nutritional components of Cistanche deserticola

The measurement results of the moisture, crude fat, ash and protein content of Cistanche deserticola are shown in Table 1. The crude protein content of Cistanche deserticola is 13.08 g/100 g, and the crude fat content is 0.20 g/100 g, indicating that Cistanche deserticola is a high-protein, low-fat healthy food.

2.2 Analysis of active components of Cistanche deserticola

The total polyphenols and total flavonoids of Cistanche deserticola were measured by colorimetry. The results showed that the total polyphenols content of Cistanche deserticola was (19.90±3.74) mg GAE/g DW, and the total flavonoid content was (10.67±2.56) mg RE/g. DW. Cistanche deserticola is rich in active ingredients that may have a positive impact on human health.

2.3 Analysis of antioxidant capacity of Cistanche deserticola extract

As can be seen from Figure 1(a), the DPPH scavenging activity of Cistanche deserticola extract increases with increasing concentration. The IC50 value of the DPPH free radical scavenging rate of the ethanol extract was 1.205 mg·mL-1, and the IC50 of the water extract was 2.813 mg·mL-1, indicating that the Cistanche deserticola ethanol extract has better DPPH free radical scavenging activity. As can be seen from Figure 1(b), Cistanche deserticola extract ABTS free clear

The removal activity increases with increasing concentration. The IC50 value of the ABTS free radical scavenging rate of the ethanol extract was 1.849 mg·mL-1, while the IC50 of the water extract was 2.748 mg·mL-1, indicating that the Cistanche deserticola ethanol extract can better scavenge ABTS free radicals.