Cognitive Decline Is Not Always A Sign Of Alzheimer's Disease

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Some cognitively weak adults have impaired cognition but intact brain structure and function.

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Cambridge University news on January 10

At the first sign of cognitive problems, people tend to worry that Alzheimer's disease is coming. But poor cognitive abilities may be part of the normal range for older adults, according to new research published in the Journal of Neuroscience, a journal of the American Society for Neuroscience (SfN). Thesis title "Neurophysiological and brain structural markers of cognitive decline differ from Alzheimer's disease"

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Research published in Journal of Neuroscience (latest impact factor: 6.167) on January 10, 2022

Ece Kocagoncu, PhD, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, et al Or the brains of adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy controls were compared.

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Dr. Ece Kocagoncu

They recruited healthy and cognitively impaired adults from a study at the Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN). The researchers used a battery of tests to measure the participants' cognitive abilities, their brain structure with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and their brain activity with electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG).

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Adults with cognitive impairment performed as well on cognitive tests as adults with MCI (both worse than controls). But their brain structure and activity were similar to healthy controls: Atrophy in regions like the hippocampus was not seen in cognitively debilitated adults.

Cognitive impairment may be part of the normal aging spectrum and is not always an early sign of Alzheimer's disease. Cognitive decline may depend on lifestyle factors - many of which are reversible and modifiable - such as physical activity, stress, education and cardiovascular health.

What is a cognitive decline?

Cognitive dysfunction is common in the elderly. Many studies have found that the coexistence of frailty and cognitive dysfunction is very common in the elderly. Cognitive frailty has been considered as a subtype of frailty.

In 2013, the International Institute of Nutrition and Aging and the International Geriatrics Association reached a consensus on the definition of cognitive weakness, and for the first time proposed the diagnostic criteria for cognitive weakness, which must meet the following points: reduced cognitive reserve; exclusion of dementia; clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score was 0.5 (ie, mild cognitive impairment); there was also evidence of physical weakness. Cognitive weakness CDR≤0.5 points.