Comparison Of Morphological Characteristics Of Different Cistanche Deserticola
Jun 12, 2024
1. Cistanche tubulosa (Schrenk) R. Bright
The plant height of Cistanche deserticola is 60-100 centimeters, and the aboveground part is 30-35 centimeters. The stem is not branched, with a base diameter of 3-4 centimeters. The leaves are milky white and turn brown when dried. They are triangular, 2-3 centimeters long and about 5 millimeters wide. They grow on the upper part of the stem and gradually narrow into a triangular lanceolate shape. Spike inflorescence, 12-18 centimeters long, 5-6 centimeters in diameter; The bracts are oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, measuring 2-2.7 centimeters in length and 5-6.5 millimeters in width. The edges are pilose and both sides are hairless; 2 bracts, linear-lanceolate or spoon-shaped, 1.5-1.7 cm long and 2.5 mm wide, nearly hairless; Calyx tube-shaped, 1.5-1.8 cm long, with 5 lobes at the top to near the middle. The lobes are the same as the corolla tube, milky white, but turn yellow-white when dried, nearly equal in size. They are ovate triangular or lanceolate, 0.6-1 cm long, and 2.5-3 mm wide; The corolla is cylindrical and funnel-shaped, 4 centimeters long, with 5 lobes at the top. The lobes are purple when in the bud, but turn brownish when dried, nearly equal in size, nearly circular, 8 millimeters long, 1 centimeter wide, and hairless on both sides; Stamens 4, filaments inserted 7-8 millimeters from the base of the tube, 1.5-1.7 centimeters long, base swollen and densely covered with yellow-white villous hairs; The anthers are ovate, 4-6 millimeters long, densely covered with yellow-white pubescence, and the base is pure round, without a small pointed tip; Pollen is long and spherical, with a size of 26.0 to 28.9 microns; The ovary is oval shaped, the style is 2.2-2.5 centimeters long, the stigma is flattened and spherical, with 2 shallow lobes. The capsule is oblong, 1.2 centimeters long, and 7 millimeters in diameter. Most of the seeds are nearly circular, with a diameter of 0.55-0.75 millimeters. After drying, they turn black-brown and have an outer network. The flowering period is from May to June, and the fruiting period is in July.
Desert living cistanche
2. Cistanche deserticola Ma
Desert Cistanche is a tall herbaceous parasitic plant, with a height of 40-190 centimeters, mostly underground. The stem does not branch or has 2-4 branches from the base, with a lower diameter of 5-10 (15) centimeters, and gradually tapers upwards, with a diameter of 2-5 centimeters. The leaves are broadly ovate or triangular-ovate, 0.5-1.5 centimeters long and 2 centimeters wide. They are dense at the lower part of the stem, sparse and narrow at the upper part, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, 2-4 centimeters long and 0.5-1 centimeters wide, and hairless on both sides. The inflorescence is spike-shaped, 15-50 centimeters long, with a diameter of 4-5 centimeters. The lower half or all of the bracts of the inflorescence are longer, equal to, or slightly longer than the corolla. It is ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, and the outer and outer edges of the small bracts and corolla lobes are sparsely pubescent or nearly hairless; 2 bracts, ovate or lanceolate, equal to or slightly longer than the calyx; Calyx bell-shaped, 1-1.5 centimeters long, 5-lobed at the top, lobes nearly circular, 2.5-4 millimeters long, 3-5 millimeters wide; The corolla is cylindrical and bell-shaped, measuring 3-4 centimeters in length, with 5 lobes at the top. The lobes are nearly semi-circular, measuring 4-6 millimeters in length and 0.6-1 centimeters in width. The edges are long, often slightly curled outward, and the color changes. It is light yellow-white or purple, and often turn brown later on; Stamens 4, filaments inserted 5-6 millimeters from the base of the tube, 1.5-2.5 centimeters long, wrinkled and pilose at the base, anthers long ovate, 3.5-4.5 millimeters long, densely covered with long pilose hairs, with a pointed tip at the base, pollen long spherical, with a size of 26.0-28.9 micrometers. Ovary elliptical, about 1 cm long, with nectaries at the base. Style slightly longer than stamens, hairless, stigma nearly spherical. The capsule is ovoid, 1.5-2.7 cm long, with a diameter of 1.3-1.4 cm. It often has a persistent style at the top and two petals open. The seeds are elliptical or nearly ovate, approximately 0.6-1 millimeters long, with a network-like appearance and a glossy appearance. The flowering period is from May to June, and the fruiting period is in July.
Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma
3. Salted Cistanche salsa (c.A. Mey) G Beck．
Salted Cistanche deserticola is a perennial parasitic herbaceous plant, with a height of 15-40 centimeters. The stem is plump, cylindrical, yellow, unbranched, or sometimes 2-3 branches from the base. The leaves are mostly fleshy and scaly, yellow to brown yellow, arranged in a tiled shape, ovate to oblong and lanceolate, measuring 1-2.5 centimeters in length and 4-8 millimeters in width. The lower part of the stem is shorter and more tightly arranged, while the upper part is longer and more loosely arranged. Spike inflorescences are cylindrical, 8-25 centimeters long and 6-8 centimeters wide. The flowers are mostly dense, with one large bract and two symmetrical small bracts at the base of each flower. The large bracts are ovate or oblong-lanceolate, with a pointed tip. The small bracts are oblong-lanceolate and several times as long as the calyx; Calyx bell-shaped, light yellow or white, 1-1.3 cm long, 5-lobed, lobes nearly circular, hairless or somewhat woolly; Corolla tubular bell-shaped, 5-lobed, lobes nearly circular, purple hairless or somewhat woolly, tube white; Stamens 4, anthers obovate, with a short pointed anther septum at the apex, and the anthers and filaments are wrinkled with long pubescent hairs at the base; The pollen is elongated and spherical in size, ranging from 30.1 to 34.2 microns. The ovary is superior, and oblong, and the style is pointed and slender. Capsule elliptical, 2-lobed. The seeds are mostly elliptical or oblong, approximately 0.7-0.9 millimeters long and 0.5-0.6 millimeters wide. The flowering period is in May and the fruiting period is in June.
desert ginseng
4. White Flower Salt Cistanche
White-flowered salted Cistanche is a variety of salted Cistanche, which differs from salted Cistanche in that the upper stem and inflorescence axis are white. The bracts are 11-17 millimeters long and 4-6 millimeters wide, with no hair on the outside and long pilose edges; The calyx is 9-12 millimeters long, and the edges of the lobes are hairless; Bracts, bracts, and flowers are all white; The corolla lobes are white.
Cistanche deserticola
5. Cistanche sinensis G. Beck
The plant height of Cistanche deserticola is 15-70 centimeters. The stem is bright yellow, unbranched, or 2-4 (6) branches from the base, with a diameter of 1.5-2.3 centimeters and slightly thickened at the base. The leaves below the base are dense, ovate triangular, 0.6-1 cm long, and 4-8 mm wide, with nearly hairless on both sides. The upper leaves are sparsely covered with white soft hairs, ovate-lanceolate, 0.5-2 cm long and 5-6 mm wide. Spike inflorescence, terminal, 5-15 cm long and 4-6 cm wide; The bracts are ovate or linear, with a length of 1.6-2 centimeters and a width of 3-7 millimeters. Along with the small bracts and flower lobes, the outer and outer edges are covered with white or yellow spider-like hairs, with dense edges that often fall off; 2 small bracts, slightly shorter than the flower head, linear or elongated in a circular shape, gradually narrowing at the base; Flowers nearly sessile; Flower alarm is nearly bell-shaped, 1.2-2.2 cm long, with 4 lobes at the top to the middle or below. The lobes are linear or oblong lanceolate, 1-1.2 cm long, 2-3 mm wide at the base, often with 3 veins; The corolla is cylindrical and bell-shaped, with light yellow color and very few lobes with light red color. After drying, it often turns dark blue and rarely does not change color. It is 2.2-3 centimeters long and is densely covered with a circle of long soft hairs at the beginning of the filament. The top is 5-lobed, and the lobes are nearly circular or semi-circular, 6-8 millimeters long and 0.6-1.2 centimeters wide. It is entire, with no hair on the outside and edges, and sparse white soft hairs on the inside; Stamens 4, filaments inserted 4-6 millimeters from the base of the tube, 1.4-1.6 centimeters long, densely covered with a small cluster of yellow-white long hairs at the base, gradually becoming hairless upwards; The anthers are oval shaped, densely covered with wrinkled and long pubescent hairs, 3-4 millimeters long, with a small pointed base; Pollen is long and spherical, with a size of 28.0 to 31.3 microns; Ovary ovate, 6-7 millimeters long and 3 millimeters wide, with 2 lateral placentas. Style slightly longer than filaments, subglabrous, and stigma subglobose. The capsule is ovoid or oblong, 1-1.5 cm long, with a diameter of about 1 cm, and has a persistent style base. The seeds are mostly round and spherical, about 0.4 millimeters long, brown when dried, and have a network-like appearance on the outside. The flowering period is from May to June, and the fruiting period is in July.
Cistanche deserticola slice
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6. Suoyang C.songaricum Ruqr
Mongolian medicine name: Ulan High Waist. Nicknames: sheep lock not pull, iron rod hammer, yellow bone wolf, and other living desert grasslands and desert areas. It is a perennial fleshy parasitic herbaceous plant without chlorophyll, with a reddish brown color and a height of 15-100 centimeters. Most of it is buried in sand. Parasitic roots are supported by varying sizes of lock yang buds, initially nearly spherical, later becoming elliptical or elongated columnar, with a diameter of 6-15 millimeters, and numerous fibrous roots and detached scales and leaves. The stem is cylindrical, upright, brown in color, with a diameter of 3-6 centimeters. The stem buried in the sand has small fibrous roots, especially at the base, which are slightly thickened or enlarged. On the stem, there are spiral-arranged shedding scales and leaves, which are dense in the middle or base and gradually sparse upwards; The scales are ovate triangular, 0.5-1.2 cm long and 0.5-1.5 cm wide, with a pointed tip. The fleshy inflorescence grows at the top of the stem, protrudes from the ground, is rod-shaped, 5-16 centimeters long, and 2-6 centimeters in diameter; It bears very dense small flowers, with male and female flowers mixed with both sexes, fragrant, and scattered scaly leaves in the inflorescence. Male flowers: flower length 3-6 millimeters; Perianth segments are usually 4, free or slightly connate, oblanceolate or spatulate, 2.5-3.5 millimeters long and 0.8-1.2 millimeters wide, with a white lower part and a purplish red upper part; The nectar gland is nearly inverted in shape, bright yellow, 2-3 millimeters long, with 4-5 blunt teeth at the top, and half embracing the floral filaments; Stamen 1, filaments thick, deep red, extending 6 millimeters beyond the corolla when in full bloom; The anthers are inserted in a zigzag shape, deep purplish red, oblong to obovate, approximately 1.5 millimeters long; Pistil degeneration. Female flowers: flowers about 3 millimeters long; Perianth segments 5-6, elongated and lanceolate, 1-2 millimeters long and 0.2 millimeters wide; Style rod-shaped, about 2 millimeters long, upper part purplish red; Column head cut flat; Ovary semi inferior, containing 1 terminal hanging ovule; Male flowers degenerate. Rare bisexual flowers: flowers 4-5 millimeters long; The perianth segments are lanceolate, 0.8-2.2 millimeters long and approximately 0.3 millimeters wide; Stamen 1, located above the lower ovary between the pistil and the perianth; The filaments are extremely short, and the anthers are the same as the male flowers; The pistil is also the same as the female flower. The fruit is small nut-shaped, mostly very small, with a yield of about 20000 to 30000 seeds per plant. It is nearly spherical or elliptical, 0.6-1.5 millimeters long, 0.4-1 millimeters in diameter, with a white skin and a persistent light yellow style at the top. The seeds are nearly spherical, with a diameter of about 1 millimeter, deep red, and the seed coat is hard and thick. The flowering period is from May to July, and the fruiting period is from June to July. Mainly parasitizes on the roots of plants in the white thorn genus. Meaty stems are used as medicine to treat soreness and weakness in the waist and knees, impotence and slippery semen, intestinal dryness, and constipation. They are also used as Mongolian medicine to treat intestinal heat, gastritis, indigestion, dysentery, etc.
