Effects Of Extraction And Drying Methods On Active Components in Cistanche Deserticola Extract

Abstract

In this study, pure water and ethanol were used as the extraction solvent to extract effective nutrients from Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma by subcritical water extraction, reflux extraction, ultrasonic extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. After the extraction products were obtained, the contents of indicator substances of Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma (Cistanche glycoside), nutrient elements and vitamins in the extracted products were taken as quality indicators, and the pesticide residue content was taken as safety and health indicators. To evaluate the effects of different solvents and extraction methods on the effective components of Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma. The results showed that the content of Cistanche glycoside in the product extracted by subcritical water was 2.93%-40.63% higher than that of other extraction methods, and the content of vitamin was 6.64%-35.75% higher than that of other extraction methods, at the same time, the content of pesticide residue decreased by 72.89%-84.47% compared with other extraction methods, which could improve the extraction efficiency of effective substances and reduce the release of harmful substances. At the same time, vacuum freeze -drying,normal pressure drying and decompression drying were used to dry the extract of Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma, and the powder was obtained. The results showed that the vacuum freeze-drying method could effectively prevent the loss of nutrients in the extracted powder. Compared with vacuum drying, the other two drying methods decreased the nutrient content by 9.09%-57.14%. The effective substances were extracted from Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma by subcritical water, and the powder was prepared by vacuum freeze-drying method. 

Cistanche Base

Keywords: subcritical water; Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma; Cistanche glycoside; vitamin; pesticide residues

Cistanche deserticola (scientific name: Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma), also known as Cunyun and Cistanche, is an endangered species[1-2]. Herbs, most of which grow underground, are mainly distributed in parts of Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang in my country [3]. Cistanche deserticola is a parasitic plant parasitic on the roots of the desert tree Haloxylon ammonium. It is known as "desert ginseng" and has high edible value. It is a traditional Chinese medicine and food homologous raw material.

From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, Cistanche is sweet, salty and warm. Returning to the kidney and large intestine meridians, it has the effects of invigorating kidney yang, nourishing essence and blood, moistening bowel and laxative, relieving fatigue and anti-aging [4]. Intestinal dryness and constipation. In addition, according to modern medical analysis, Cistanche is rich in phenylethanol glycosides, iridoids and their glycosides, lignans and their glycosides, polysaccharides, vitamins and other compounds, as well as copper, zinc, Manganese, iron and other trace elements [5-6]. These trace elements have the ability to prolong animal life, regulate endocrine, and improve the body's metabolism [7-8]. A variety of effective nutrients in Cistanche deserticola are extracted by a solvent, and the solvent is removed by concentration and drying, and an extraction product with a higher content of nutrients can be obtained.

The extracted products can be used in nourishing food, health medicine, health tea and other functional products [9]. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an efficient, low-toxic, and environmentally friendly extraction and drying process.

There are many methods for drug extraction, including immersion extraction [10]. This extraction method only requires the addition of an extraction solvent and does not require any auxiliary conditions. It is the most cost-effective extraction method. However, the simple immersion method cannot fully extract the effective and ingredients, so this method is rarely used widely;

Heating and reflux extraction[11], this method is a widely used method for extracting effective substances in medicines, but there are certain hidden dangers in the extraction selectivity of this method. While extracting effective substances, it will also enrich pesticide residues in medicines to It is a high-risk method for extracting products; ultrasonic-assisted extraction [12-13], ultrasonic-assisted extraction can increase the interaction between solvent molecules and target molecules, which is a new extraction method. However, ordinary ultrasonic equipment The power is too small to break through the cell wall of medicinal plants, so the extraction efficiency of this extraction method is limited; supercritical fluid extraction [14-16] is an extraction method with great development potential. The extraction medium uses non-toxic CO2 and removes the solvent. The method is faster and simpler, and there are very few solvent residue problems. Subcritical water extraction [17-19], subcritical water refers to heating water above the boiling point and below the critical point, and controlling the system pressure to keep the water in a liquid state. Subcritical water has many excellent characteristics. For example, the dielectric constant of subcritical water can change with the change of temperature. In practical applications, by controlling a specific temperature, subcritical water can be made to show different polarities, which can be extracted. Substances in a special polarity range [20].

Get Cistanche Made by Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Another notable feature is its high ion product, that is, a high concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions. The ion product of water at normal temperature and pressure is 10-14. When the temperature rises to 200~300 °C, the water molecules in subcritical water will also ionize to produce more hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions, and the ion product can reach 10-11 , 1000 times higher than that under normal temperature and pressure. It is easier to combine with some Lewis acid and alkaline substances to improve the extraction effect [21-22]. At the same time, with the increase of temperature, the hydrogen bonding of water molecules will weaken, and the number of hydrogen bonds will also decrease. The viscosity and surface tension of subcritical water decrease with the increase of temperature. Lower viscosity and surface tension are beneficial to The transfer and penetration of substances can improve the extraction efficiency. Based on many characteristics of subcritical water, it can be considered for the extraction of Cistanche deserticola.

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