Evolution Of Cistanche Deserticola

To ask how Cistanche and Suoyang became like this, in detail, it is an epic that can perhaps be described as tragic. Originally, the ancestors of Cistanche and Suoyang did not originally live in the desert. In the Permian period 280 million years ago, the pattern of land and sea on the earth was completely different from that of today. The long mountain system that runs through the middle of Eurasia - the Pyrenees and Alps in Europe in the west, the the Himalayas in the southwest of China in the east - was submerged in a vast ocean at that time. This vast expanse has a beautiful name - Tethys, the wife of the ancient sea god Ochianus in Greek mythology. Today, several major deserts in the northwest region of China were warm and humid areas near the coast at that time.

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However, starting from the end of the Permian, due to the two continents in the north and south of the Tethys Sea approaching each other, the originally vast Tethys Sea began to shrink and retreat, until today, only remnants such as the Mediterranean, Black Sea, and Caspian Sea remain.

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The other seabed gradually formed land and further formed mountains; However, the northwest region of China, which was originally close to the sea, gradually became enclosed in the center of the mainland, and the climate gradually became dry; Especially in the early fourth period, 1.8 million years ago, due to the rapid uplift of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the deepening of ocean water vapor was almost completely blocked, and the northwest region of China finally evolved into a vast arid area; Large expanses of deserts and Gobi have devoured the once lush forests and grasslands.

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Based on fossil and other data, it can be inferred that before the uplift of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the ancestors of Cistanche deserticola and Suoyang were only semi parasitic plants. Although they had already attached their own roots to the roots of other plants to grab water and minerals, they still had green leaves that could be used for photosynthesis and produce their own nutrients. However, as the climate becomes increasingly arid, the plants living on this land are finding it increasingly difficult to get by. Some plants cannot tolerate the torment of drought and die tragically; The remaining plants engage in tenacious resistance in various ways. In the process of racing against the God of Drought, the ancestors of Cistanche and Suoyang discovered that if they discard their leaves, even nutrients can be obtained from the roots of other plants, that is, from semi parasitic plants to fully parasitic plants, which will be more conducive to their survival. 

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Although leaves can produce nutrients, they also need to consume a large amount of water through transpiration, which is undoubtedly fatal for plants living in arid areas. Moreover, if one grows their body shape more compact and flowers denser, it is also more conducive to insect pollination, because in arid areas, these voluntary pollinators are esteemed guests. A denser flower allows them to climb short distances and visit more flowers, carrying more pollen, thereby increasing the probability of successful pollination. After generations of natural selection, Cistanche and Suoyang have finally grown into what they are today. If they have spirits, perhaps they would proudly say - although I look strange, I am the winner of evolution!

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Who says people who believe in science are indifferent? Faced with the peculiar postures of Cistanche and Suoyang, they will think of the winding and moving story above.