Overview Of Phlorotannins’ Constituents in Fucales Part 4
Jul 03, 2023
6. Concluding Remarks
Summing up, Fucales comprise a vast group of seaweed species with significant variability in terms of phlorotannin compounds. Spectrophotometric assays can be useful for high-throughput, easy, and cost-effective screening of phlorotannin contents. However, to separate, quantify, and characterize these compounds, robust analytical techniques are essential. Currently, MS coupled with HPLC offers a good approach for the separation and characterization of oligomeric phlorotannins. Significant improvements were also brought with the development of more specialized equipment, such as UHPLC and HRMS. However, when full details on the linkage positions and isomeric forms are necessary, only NMR can offer that capacity.
Glycoside of cistanche can also increase the activity of SOD in heart and liver tissues, and significantly reduce the content of lipofuscin and MDA in each tissue, effectively scavenging various reactive oxygen radicals (OH-, H₂O₂, etc.) and protecting against DNA damage caused by OH-radicals. Cistanche phenylethanoid glycosides have a robust scavenging ability of free radicals, a higher reducing ability than vitamin C, improve the activity of SOD in sperm suspension, reduce the content of MDA, and have a certain protective effect on sperm membrane function. Cistanche polysaccharides can enhance the activity of SOD and GSH-Px in erythrocytes and lung tissues of experimentally senescent mice caused by D-galactose, as well as reduce the content of MDA and collagen in lung and plasma, and increase the content of elastin, have a good scavenging effect on DPPH, prolong the time of hypoxia in senescent mice, improve the activity of SOD in serum, and delay the physiological degeneration of lung in experimentally senescent mice With cellular morphological degeneration, experiments have shown that Cistanche has the good antioxidant ability and has the potential to be a drug to prevent and treat skin aging diseases. At the same time, echinacoside in Cistanche has a significant ability to scavenge DPPH free radicals and can scavenge reactive oxygen species, prevent free radical-induced collagen degradation, and also has a good repair effect on thymine free radical anion damage.
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Nevertheless, this equipment is not the most affordable/accessible for laboratories. The availability of more standard compounds could contribute to better use of HPLC as it would generate reliable libraries for comparison. Alternatively, to study and identify the common PT compounds by NMR spectroscopy, linking them to HPLC retention times and UV-spectral data could represent another step forward for the research community.
Author Contributions: Conceptualization—M.D.C. and S.M.C.; literature review and writing of the original draft—M.D.C., S.M.G.P., S.S., F.C., S.S.B., D.C.G.A.P., A.M.S.S., S.M.C. All authors contributed to writing—reviewing and editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Funding: This work received financial support from PT national funds (FCT/MCTES, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior) through the projects UIDB/50006/2020 and UIDP/50006/2020. Thanks to PTDC/BAA-AGR/31015/2017, “Algaphlor—Brown algae phlorotannins: From bioavailability to the development of new functional foods”, co-financed by the Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization— POCI, within the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), and the Science and Technology Foundation (FCT), through national funds. Silva S. thanks FCT for funding through program DL 57/2016–Norma transitória (Ref. SFRH/BPD/74299/2010).
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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