Part2: Detailed Knowledge About Antioxidant Free Radicals---Antioxidants

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Antioxidants:

(1) Bioflavonoids: Bioflavonoids can effectively remove free radicals and toxins in the body, prevent and reduce the occurrence of diseases; anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, broad-spectrum antibacterial, and antiviral effects. Relieve alcohol poisoning, protect the liver and protect the liver. Clearing away heat and detoxifying, dispelling rheumatism, strengthening muscles and bones, and resisting women's menopausal syndrome. They have a synergistic effect with vitamin C, which can stabilize vitamin C in human tissues. The flavonoids isolated from Cistanche deserticola have antithrombotic, antioxidative, antiaging, increasing progenitor cells, anti arteriosclerosis, antiarrhythmic, and inhibiting HIV effects, so they are widely used in medical treatment, food, beverages, cosmetics, development and application prospects very broad.

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(2) Vitamin E: Vitamin E is an important antioxidant and membrane stabilizer in cell membranes. Vitamin E plays an important role in maintaining the normal organization and metabolism of muscle tissue, especially energy supply and calcium ion uptake and release during muscle contraction. Supplementation of vitamin E (400-1,600 IU/day) can reduce the damage to the body caused by the increase of free radicals caused by high-intensity exercise or other conditions. Above sea level, vitamin E supplementation can prevent a decrease in exercise capacity. Therefore, it is believed that vitamin E supplementation in athletes who train above sea level is beneficial to the improvement of sports performance. The recommended daily dose of vitamin E supplementation (d-α-tocopherol) is 400 to 800 international units.

(3) Vitamin C: Vitamin C deficiency can greatly reduce endurance exercise capacity. Vitamin C supplementation significantly reduces exercise-induced oxidative stress. The safe dose of vitamin C supplementation is 0.5 to 3.0 grams per day. The recommended daily dose of vitamin C supplementation is 0.5 to 2.0 grams.

(4) Plant active selenium: Selenium is an essential component of glutathione peroxidase, a component of the body's antioxidant system. Appropriate selenium supplementation can improve the activity of glutathione peroxidase, thereby improving the body's antioxidant capacity. It has been reported that supplementing 100-150 micrograms of selenium daily to swimmers can reduce lipid peroxidation in the body, suggesting that selenium supplementation may be beneficial to endurance athletes. The recommended dose of selenium supplementation is 100 to 250 micrograms per day.

(5) Carotenoids: β-carotene is the precursor of vitamin A and has the function of scavenging free radicals, so β-carotene has a protective effect on oxidative stress during exercise. The recommended amount of beta-carotene supplementation is 25,000-100,000 IU per day. Lycopene, like beta-carotene, is a carotenoid that can be found in most fruits and vegetables and is a natural biological pigment. Because of its unique chemical structure, it can eliminate free radicals. Natural astaxanthin is an antioxidant. Astaxanthin (also known as astaxanthin in Hong Kong and Taiwan) is a red pigment that gives ornamental fish, salmon, shrimp beta-carotene, and flamingos its pink color. Its chemical structure is similar to β-carotene. Astaxanthin is a member of the carotenoid group and the highest-level product of carotenoid synthesis.

(6) Xanthone: Also known as "xanthone", it is an organic compound whose molecular formula is C13H8O2. Xanthone has a strong antioxidant capacity and has a significant inhibitory effect on the formation of myocardial infarction or cerebral infarction; it can effectively inhibit the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) caused by free radicals, and reduce the harm of heart diseases such as atherosclerosis Hardening, etc. Many xanthones are found in the peel of the mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana).

(7) Coenzyme Q10 Coenzyme Q is an essential component of all cells in the body that use oxygen, because it is the electron transfer body of the oxidative phosphorylation respiratory chain in the process of material oxidation to generate energy, and the energy demand during exercise is greatly increased, so Coenzyme Q10 reduces free radical production in the human heart and muscles. For people who want to maintain good health, the recommended amount of coenzyme Q is 30 mg per day, and if it is used to treat various diseases, the amount used should be higher than this dose.

(8) SOD: SOD is the abbreviation of Super Oxide Dismutase, and the Chinese name is superoxide dismutase. It is an important antioxidant enzyme in organisms and is widely distributed in various organisms, such as animals, plants, microorganisms, etc. SOD has special physiological activity and is the primary substance for scavenging free radicals in living organisms. The level of SOD in the living body means an intuitive indicator of aging and death; it has been confirmed that there are more than 60 diseases caused by oxygen-free radicals. It can resist the damage caused by oxygen free radicals to cells, repair damaged cells in time, and restore the damage to cells caused by free radicals. Cistanche contains a large amount of superoxide dismutase, which can remove free radicals in the body after consumption, relieve excess free radicals, human cell damage, and delay aging.

(9) Tea polyphenols: The antioxidant effect of tea polyphenols can keep the skin delicate and whitening because it can eliminate active oxygen and then inhibit the consumption of vitamin C. (10) Grape seed extract: Grape seed extract, also known as red wine polyphenols, has antioxidant properties, and can also stabilize the collagen protein necessary for human skin and maintain elastin. Skincare editor kidskin Antioxidant Cosmetics Analysis of Antioxidant Cosmetics Ingredients: Tocopheryl Acetate: It is a derivative of vitamin E. It is often used as an antioxidant in cosmetics. It has good effects and is extremely safe, so it is widely used. Grape polyphenols: complex molecules that combine various components in grape stems, seeds, and skins. In addition to grapes containing a large number of grape polyphenols, small blueberries, cranberries, cherries, black tea, green tea, lemons, and barley husks also exist in this component, but the content of grapes is the highest, and the content of grape seeds is the highest in grapes. again in the first place. The main function of grape polyphenols is to fight free radicals. It can combine with free radicals to make free radicals lose their ability to attack cells in the body.

(10) Coenzyme Q10: It has an antioxidant function in the human body, which can eliminate free radicals and maintain the integrity and stability of cell membranes. Coenzyme Q10 alone or with vitamin E produces a powerful antioxidant. In addition, it plays an important role in strengthening the body's energy production process, it can strengthen the heart function and relieve hypoxia. It is also often used in health products. Astaxanthin: Also known as astaxanthin and red yeast, it is a carotenoid. In nature, astaxanthin is produced by algae, bacteria, and phytoplankton. Certain fish and shrimp and crabs, by eating these algae and plankton, store this pigment in their shells, so they appear red on the surface. Astaxanthin has a very good antioxidant capacity. Studies have shown that its antioxidant capacity is 1,000 times that of vitamin E, 10 times that of natural beta-carotene, 17 times that of grape seeds, 60 times that of Q10, and of tea polyphenols. double. In addition to cosmetics, there are also many products of astaxanthin in the field of health food.