Progress in The Study Of Cistanche Deserticola in Treatment Of Osteoporosis
Mar 08, 2022
Contact: Audrey Hu Whatsapp/hp: 0086 13880143964 Email: audrey.hu@wecistanche.com
LAI Qinghai', WANG Linlin1, DI Hui1, YU Heshui1, CAO Man2, SONG Xinbo1
(1. Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China;
2. Tianjin Zhong Yi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300193, China )
Abstract: The incidence of osteoporosis is rising, the research of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis has become a hot research topic in recent years. This paper reviewed the Cistanche deserticola in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis of the role and related mechanisms, and provide a reference for the further research of Cistanche deserticola in the treatment of osteoporosis in the field.
Keywords: Cistanche deserticola; osteoporosis; active components; mechanism
Osteoporosis (Osteoporosis) is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by decreased bone mass and deterioration of the microstructure of bone, resulting in increased fragility of bones and susceptibility to fractures. Osteoporosis has now become one of the most difficult diseases in the world, and its incidence is increasing day by day. However, the pathogenesis of osteoporosis currently mainly includes the theory of peroxide mechanism, the theory of endocrine disorders, the theory of the regulation mechanism of bone metabolism regulatory factors, and the theory of osteogenesis. And osteoclast activity theory, calcium intake reduction, trace element imbalance theory, etc. 141 o consult the literature, this article summarizes the research on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and its mechanism in the kidney-tonifying Chinese medicine Cistanche (Herba Cistanche) in recent years.
1 Overview of Cistanche
Herba Cistanche (Herba Cistanche) is a plant of Cistanche in the Orobanchaceae genus Cistanche with dry scaly leaves and fleshy stems, also known as a goblin, golden bamboo, cistanche, and Yunnan. It was first published in "Shen Nong's Ben Cao Jing" and was listed as the top grade. Later, the classical "Materia Medica Jing Shu" and "Materia Medica Hui Yan" Yuehua Zi Ben Cao Peng have many records. Li Shizhen said: "This thing is tonic but not severe, so it is indulgent." The meat paste is sweet and salty and has a warm nature. Indications include impotence in men, infertility in women, vaginal discharge, blood collapse, cold waist and knee pain, blood dryness, constipation, etc. It has been used in our country for more than two thousand years, and it is the first in the prescriptions of Zengli Chinese medicine in the past generations, and second only to ginseng in the anti-aging and anti-aging formulas. In my country, it is mainly distributed at 36°-37° north latitude, and it spans 5 provinces including Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, and Xinjiang from east to west. In addition, Qinghai also has a small amount of distribution. Among them, Inner Mongolia is the first authentic producing area of the Cistanche desert. The original plants are Cistanche deserticola, desert Cistanche deserticola, Saline cistanche deserticola and Salmon desert, as well as white-flowered Cistanche desertica "5. The chemical components are as follows. Phenylethanoil glycosides, polysaccharides, flavonoids, cycloolefin aldehydes, lignans, oligosaccharides, galactitol, alkaloids, and volatile components, in addition to amino acids, inorganic trace elements, etc.｜7-91 Among them, phenylethanoid glycosides, polysaccharides, and galactitol are the current research hotspots.
Tu Pengfei and others reviewed the pharmacological effects of Cistanche with reference to the existing literature, mainly including improving learning and memory, improving sexual function, anti-aging, anti-fatigue, anti-radiation, regulating immune function, moisturizing bowel and protecting the liver, etc. In its treatment Research on osteoporosis has made some progress. This article reviewed the existing literature reviewing the main effective ingredients of Cistanche in the treatment of osteoporosis are phenethyl alcohol glycosides (mainly Echinacea, Verbascum glycosides), polysaccharides, glycoproteins, Flavonoids, and their related mechanisms are also summarized.
2 The role of Cistanche in the treatment of osteoporosis
The balance between osteoblasts (Osteoblasts, OB) bone formation and osteoclasts (Osteoclasts, OC) bone resorption is the basic process of maintaining the continuous renewal of bone tissue and maintaining bone quality. Osteogenic ability decreases and bone resorption is accelerated. The main pathological basis of porosity. It can be seen that promoting the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, improving the function of osteoblasts, and regulating bone remodeling are of great significance for the treatment of osteoporosis. Cistanche can directly or indirectly affect the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts by increasing the level of sex hormones, regulating the balance of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, antioxidant effects, influencing cytokines, and supplementing mineral elements, so as to prevent and treat osteoporosis.
Xing Xiaoxu and other brands have discovered through experimental research that the two main components of phenethyl alcohol glycosides in Cistanche, ergolobin and echinacoside IV, have a promoting effect on the expression of BMP2 in rat osteoblasts, and can promote the growth of rat skull osteoblasts. Alkaline phosphatase is synthesized in the cytoplasm. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) belongs to transforming growth factor P Transforming growth factor [3, a member of the TGF-3 family. BMP is a soluble, low-molecular-weight transmembrane glycoprotein, and it is the only factor that can induce ectopic bone formation. Among them, BMP2 is the most important bone formation regulator and has the highest osteogenic activity [19], while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is one of the specific markers of osteoblast differentiation. Osteoblasts can secrete a large amount of alkaline phosphatase to participate in bone mineralization during bone formation. Therefore, ALP activity can reflect the active status of osteoblasts[ 2°-21]o
Through experimental research, Zeng Jianchun et al. found that Cistanche has the effect of promoting the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and inducing the differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts. In the long-term clinical application, there was no adverse reaction of the meat girl puree, and its use as an inducer in the body has broad clinical application prospects. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a kind of multipotent adult stem cells, which mainly exist in the bone marrow and also in the extraosseous tissues derived from mesenchymal cells during the embryonic period. Bone marrow MSCs (BM-SCs) are components of the bone marrow stromal and have a The ability of osteoblasts, chondrocytes, nerve cells, fat cells, cardiomyocytes and other multidirectional differentiation can differentiate into osteoblasts under the induction of Cistanche medicated serum, which can be used as seed cells and inducing factors for tissue engineering to treat bones. Poor texture and nonunion of fractures will have good prospects.
Liang et al. found that the water extract of Cistanche can treat osteoporosis by regulating the expression levels of BGP, TRAP in the serum of ovariectomized mice and the expression levels of 1 mRNA, Smad5 mRNA, TGF-P 1 mRNA, and TIEG1 mRNA in the bone marrow.
3 The mechanism of action of Cistanche in the treatment of osteoporosis
3.1 Hormonal effects
Modern pharmacological studies have shown that kidney-tonifying drugs have varying degrees of excitement to the pituitary-adrenal-gonadal system. Estrogen has the effect of enhancing bone formation, and androgen has the effect of promoting protein synthesis, promoting bone matrix increase and calcium and phosphorus deposition, and is closely related to bone metabolism. Related, androgen deficiency can affect bone remodeling[25-26] o Insufficient estrogen can affect the secretion of osteoprotegerin (Osteoprotegerin, OPG) by osteoblasts. OPG is a glycoprotein expressed and secreted by osteoblasts, which regulates broken bones. The main factor of osteoclast maturation and differentiation can inhibit the differentiation, fusion, and activation of osteoclasts, and promote the apoptosis of osteoclasts S-291. The pathological mechanism of bone loss caused by estrogen deficiency is also believed to be related to the activation of bone resorption immune factors and the promotion of osteoblasts to produce bone resorption factors.
In addition, in state of estrogen deficiency due to vitamin D antagonism or direct intestinal calcium absorption disorder can lead to lower blood calcium and promote bone loss.
Research by He Wei et al. found that both Cistanche desert and Cistanche tubulosa have androgen-like effects, which can significantly increase the weight of the seminal vesicle and prostate of castrated rats. Further studies have found that the phenethyl alcohol glycosides contained in the two Cistanche leaves are Cimicifuga glycoside is the main active ingredient, and it is determined that ergot gf glycosides and betaine have androgenic effects.
Wang Linlin’s research found that the phenethyl alcohol glycosides in Cistanche deserticola, echinacoside, and verbascoside, can up-regulate ERE luciferase activity and exhibit phytoestrogen activity after acting on Hella cells.
In addition, Zhao Piwen et al. found that Cistanche has phytoestrogen activity.
3.2 Antioxidant effect
The human body continuously produces reactive oxygen free radicals (ROS) in the metabolic process. On the other hand, there is an antioxidant system in the body to scavenge reactive oxygen free radicals. When the activity of the body’s antioxidant system decreases and this dynamic balance is disrupted, the body’s active oxygen levels increase and the body is in a state of oxidative stress. This state can inhibit the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts, and induce osteoblast apoptosis. . In addition, the active oxygen free radicals ROS in the body can promote the differentiation and bone resorption of osteoclasts, leading to osteoporosis. In addition, ROS can promote the degradation of bone organic matter, cause the degradation of cartilage collagen fibers and proteoglycans, destroy fibronectin and lose its role in bone formation, thereby destroying cartilage and causing its degradation. Antioxidants can interact with free radicals. Combine, reduce the damage of oxidative stress to the body, 42~43,
Xue Dejun, Wu Bo et al. 44-451 studied the effect of desert cistanche desert polysaccharide on D-galactose-induced subacute aging model mice, indicating that desert cistanche polysaccharide has obvious anti-lipid peroxidation function.
Sun Yun et al. infused mice with an experimental aging model caused by d-galactose with desert meat hernia polysaccharides, and the results showed that the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in lung tissue and red blood cells of aging mice increased to varying degrees, lung and plasma The content of malondialdehyde is reduced, while the content of lung collagen is reduced, and the content of elastin is increased. It shows that the desert Cistanche deserticola polysaccharide has anti-oxidative damage and anti-aging effects.
improve immunity
4 mineral elements
The chemistry researchers of the Chinese Academy of Sciences tried to use the trace element analysis method to explore the material basis of kidney-tonifying Chinese medicine and found that some trace elements such as Zn and Mn are closely related to the human endocrine system. Because bone development and reconstruction are mainly achieved by endocrine hormones acting on calcium and phosphorus metabolism, it is important to determine the content of Zn, Mn, etc. in Chinese medicines for tonifying the kidney. The study also found that the contents of Zn and Mn in Chinese medicines for tonifying the kidney are both high. Researchers have tested the content of Zn, Mn, Fe, Al, P in nearly 50 Chinese medicines for invigorating the kidney and strengthening the gluten, and found that a variety of tonic drugs are indeed rich in essential trace elements 501o.
Chen Xiaodong, Gao Jianping, and others have found that Cistanche contains a large number of mineral elements such as Zn, Mn, Fe, etc., which help regulate the endocrine system and are essential for bone development and reconstruction.
5 Toxicity of Cistanche
Hu Yuming and others conducted acute and genotoxicity tests on the total glycosides of Cistanche, and they were non-toxic and negative respectively. Ren Kegong and others have passed a clinical test. After 40 consecutive doses of Cistanche, no damage was found to the heart, liver, and kidney functions, which provided an experimental basis for the development and utilization of Cistanche.
6 Outlook
In recent years, the role of Cistanche in the treatment of osteoporosis has received attention. The above summary of the role of Cistanche in the treatment of osteoporosis and its possible mechanism have been summarized, which can delay and inhibit the decline in estrogen levels and physical functions of women in the postmenopausal period. Osteoporosis caused by decline provides a theoretical basis. In addition, we should conduct further in-depth research on its chemical composition and mechanism of action in the treatment of osteoporosis, so as to provide a theoretical basis for expanding the scope of clinical medicinal use of Cistanche.
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