Quality Analysis And Comprehensive Evaluation Of Cistanche Deserticola From Different Origins in China Ⅱ

2 Results and discussion

2.1 Contents of bioactive substances in Cistanche deserticola from different origins

Figure 2 shows the total polyphenol content of Cistanche deserticola from different origins. It can be seen from Figure 2 that, except for origin A, the total polyphenol content of the roots of the other five origin samples was significantly higher than that of the middle and top. Among them, the total polyphenol content of samples from origin D was the highest, and the contents of root, middle and top were 20.06, 17.33 and 15.67 mg GAE/g DW, respectively. Followed by origin B (respectively 13.85, 12.93

Fig.2 Total polyphenol content of CD from different origins

Fig.3 Total flavonoid content of CD from different origins

and 7.58 mg GAE/g DW), origin C (14.64, 6.48 and 13.48 mg GAE/g DW, respectively). The total polyphenol content of samples from origin E and origin F was lower, and the content of each part was lower than 5.00 mg GAE/g DW.

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Figure 3 shows the total flavonoid content of Cistanche deserticola from different origins. It can be seen from Fig. 3 that the total flavonoid content at the top is higher than that in the middle and bottom in the samples from the other five origins except F. The total flavonoid content of samples from production areas E and F was significantly higher than that of other production areas, and the total flavonoid content of the E3 sample was the highest (21.96 mg RE/g DW); the total flavonoid content of the C1 sample was the lowest, only 0.54 mg RE/g DW.

Figure 4 shows the total triterpenoid content of Cistanche deserticola from different origins. It can be seen from Fig. 4 that the total triterpenoid contents in the samples from the six origins are in the order of root > middle > top. The samples from origin A had the highest content of total triterpenes, the root content was as high as 19.88 mg OAE/gDW, and the middle and top were 19.01 and 16.99 mg OAE/g DW, respectively. Followed by origin F, its root content also reached 19.62 mg OAE/g DW, and the middle and top contents were 17.15 and 15.17 mg OAE/g DW, respectively; the total triterpenoid content of samples from A and F was significantly higher than that of the other four origins .

Fig.4 Total triterpene content of CD from different origins

Figure 5 shows the total polysaccharide content of Cistanche deserticola from different origins. It can be seen from Figure 5 that in the samples from the six origins, the polysaccharide content in the root is higher than that in the middle and top, and the order is root>middle>top. The total polysaccharide content of the samples from origin F was the highest, and the contents of the root, middle and top were 35.44, 32.76 and 25.34 mg DE/g DW, respectively. This was followed by origin E, which had a higher content of 35.92 mg DE/g DW in the root, 29.82 and 26.26 mg DE/g DW in the middle and top. The total polysaccharide content of samples from the two origins E and F was significantly higher than that of the other four origins; the total polysaccharide content of the samples from the origin D was the lowest, and its root, middle and top contents were only 10.60, 9.92 and 9.00 mg DE/g DW.

Fig.5 Total polysaccharide content of CD from different origins

Figure 6 shows the total proanthocyanidin content of Cistanche deserticola from different origins. It can be seen from Figure 6 that the content of total procyanidins in the middle of the samples from origin A, C and E was higher than that in the root and top, which were 4.58, 3.60 and 3.03 mg PCE/g DW, respectively. The content of total procyanidins in the root of the samples from origin B was higher than that in the middle and top, which was 4.87 mg PCE/g DW; the content of total procyanidins in the top of the samples from origin D and F was higher than that in the root and the middle, which were 4.91 and 6.14 mg PCE/g DW, respectively. In general, the average content of total procyanidins in the three parts of production area F was the highest, which was 4.71 mg PCE/g DW, and the average content of total procyanidins in the three parts of production area E was the lowest, only 2.25 mg PCE/g DW.

Figure 7 shows the content of echinacoside in Cistanche deserticola from different origins. It can be seen from Figure 7 that the content of echinacea in the roots of samples from other origins was significantly higher than that in the middle and top parts except for origin A. The samples from origin C had the highest echinacoside content, with the root, middle and top contents of 25.11, 12.5 and 15.65 mg/g DW, respectively. Origin F samples had the lowest echinacoside content,

The root, middle and top contents were 2.37, 1.09 and 0.68 mg/g DW, respectively.

Figure 8 shows the content of glucosides in Cistanche deserticola from different origins. It can be seen from Figure 8 that the roots of samples from origin B, C, E and F have higher verbascoside contents, which are 4.78, 3.80, 0.70 and 0.33 mg/g DW, respectively. The top content of the sample from origin A was the highest, at 9.74 mg/g DW; the content in the middle of the sample from origin D was the highest, at 8.30 mg/g DW. Among them, the content of verbascoside in samples from production area D was significantly higher than that of other production areas, with an average content of 6.98 mg/g DW. Samples from origins E and F had lower levels of verbascoside, with average levels of 0.46 and 0.28 mg/g DW, respectively.

Fig.7 The echinacoside content of CD from different origins

Fig.8 The verbascoside content of CD from different origins

Li Biao[26] divided the collected Cistanche into upper, middle and lower parts, and measured the content of echinacoside and verbasin. It was found that the content of different parts was significantly different. higher than the middle and upper parts. The contents of total polyphenols, total triterpenes, total polysaccharides, verbascoside and echinacoside in the roots of most samples were relatively high in the samples of Cistanche deserticola tested in this paper. Ji Xiaohui[36] and others studied the bioactive components of Cistanche deserticola from the Gurbantunggut Desert in Xinjiang, and found that in the samples of different parts, the content of active components in the fleshy stem (lower) was higher, and the content in the middle and top was lower. This phenomenon may be related to the reproductive growth and nutrient transport of Cistanche deserticola. At the same time, Ji Xiaohui and others found that the content of active components of Cistanche deserticola produced in different regions of the same desert also differed to varying degrees. Liu Xiong[37] and others found that the content of echinacoside in Cistanche deserticola from different origins varies greatly (0.42%-0.52%).

Zhao Zhihong [38] and others proposed that the differences in atmospheric environment, soil factors, and hydrothermal conditions of Cistanche deserticola in different production areas would lead to different quality characteristics and poor sample uniformity, which would affect the clinical effect.

2.2 Antioxidant activity of Cistanche deserticola from different origins

Plant samples contain a variety of bioactive components at the same time, and different components may exhibit synergistic or antagonistic effects, so the determination of the antioxidant capacity of sample extracts is more representative than the antioxidant activity of a single component [39].

Figure 9 shows the IC50 values of DPPH free radicals in Cistanche deserticola from different origins. It can be seen from Figure 9 that the IC50 values of different parts of the sample from origin D are the smallest (0.37, 0.46 and 0.32 mg/mL, respectively), indicating that this sample has the strongest scavenging ability to DPPH free radicals. Followed by samples from origin B and C, which also have strong scavenging ability to DPPH free radicals, the IC50 values of the root, middle and top are 4.00, 1.74, 3.14 mg/mL and 1.56, 4.31, 2.65 mg/mL, respectively. . The scavenging ability of the origin F samples against DPPH radicals

The weakest, the IC50 values of its different parts were significantly higher than those of the other five origins (P<0.05).

Figure 10 shows the IC50 values of the ABTS free radical scavenging rate of Cistanche deserticola from different origins. It can be seen from Figure 10 that the samples from origin B, C and D have the smallest IC50 values, and the average IC50 values of the three parts are 1.91, 1.89 and 1.48 mg/mL, respectively, indicating that the samples from these three origins have strong effects on ABTS free radicals. Clear ability. The samples from origin F had the weakest scavenging ability to ABTS free radicals, and the IC50 values of the root, middle and top were significantly higher than those of the other five origins (5.98, 6.7 and 8.05 mg/mL, respectively).

Figure 11 shows the IC50 values of the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate of Cistanche deserticola from different origins. It can be seen from Figure 11 that the origin C, D

The samples of and E have strong scavenging ability to hydroxyl radicals, and the average IC50 values of the three sites are 3.05, 5.91 and 3.05, respectively.

5.90 mg/mL. It was determined that the scavenging ability of sample A to hydroxyl radicals was weak, and the IC50 values of its root, middle and top were respectively

were 51.01, 41.06 and 40.62 mg/mL.

To sum up, except for the samples from origin F, the samples from other origins showed strong antioxidant capacity. Bao Bin[39] and He Meng

Meng[8] and others studied the scavenging ability of the methanol, ethanol and water extracts of Cistanche deserticola to ABTS and DPPH free radicals, and obtained the results.

came to similar conclusions.

Table 6 shows the average value of each detection index in different clusters.

It can be seen from the table that the average content of echinacoside in group 1 is the highest, which is 12.59 mg/g DW; the average content of total polyphenols, procyanidins and verbascoside in group 2 is higher, which are 17.67 mgGAE/g DW and 4.51 mg PCE/g respectively. DW and 6.98 mg/g DW; the contents of total flavonoids, total triterpenes and total polysaccharides were lower, 6.52 mg RE/g DW, 11.90 mg OAE/g DW, 9.84 mg DE/g DW, respectively; The average contents of total triterpenes and total polysaccharides were the highest, which were 13.64 mg RE/g DW, 14.79 mg OAE/g DW and 30.93 mg DE/g DW, respectively, and the average contents of proanthocyanidins, echinacoside and verbascoside were the lowest.

Group 2 has strong scavenging ability to OH, DPPH and ABTS free radicals, and its average IC50 values are 5.91, 0.38, and 1.48 mg/mL, respectively; group 3 has weaker scavenging ability to DPPH and ABTS free radicals, with average IC50 values of 5.91, 0.38, and 1.48 mg/mL respectively. 81.11, 5.19 mg/mL. Through cluster analysis of Cistanche deserticola from different origins, it was found that the contents of echinacoside and verbascoside in groups 1 and 2 were much higher than those in group 3.

The four origins of groups 1 and 2 are distributed in Inner Mongolia and Gansu, and group 3 is distributed in the northern Xinjiang. This result is basically consistent with the research results of Ji Xiaohui et al. [36] on desert Cistanche. It is beneficial to the accumulation of verbascoside and echinacoside in Cistanche deserticola. At the same time, it was found that the polysaccharide content of desert Cistanche desert in northern Xinjiang was significantly higher than that in Inner Mongolia and Gansu regions.

The accumulation of internal sugar [44-45], the specific influencing factors need further study. At the same time, through this study, it was found that Cistanche deserticola contains a variety of biologically active substances. Therefore, in the research on the quality of Cistanche deserticola, in addition to the main indicators echinacoside and verbascoside specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, other active ingredients should be combined for Comprehensive assessment.

Cistanche Tablets

3 Conclusion

In this paper, the bioactive substances and antioxidant activities of Cistanche deserticola from different origins in my country were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the production area and sampling location had significant effects on the content of bioactive substances in Cistanche deserticola, and the content of bioactive substances in the roots of most samples was significantly higher than that in the middle and top. Three principal components were extracted by principal component analysis, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 85.43%. The origin with the best comprehensive quality was D, followed by C and A. Cluster analysis divided the samples into three groups, of which the first group (A, B, C) and the second group (D) were distributed in Inner Mongolia and Gansu regions, and the comprehensive score accounted for the top four, and the overall quality was good. The third group (E, F) originated in Xinjiang, and the overall score was low. The research results will provide important basic data for the quality evaluation, functional product development and standardization of Cistanche deserticola from different origins in my country.