Tu Pengfei's Scientific Research Team Systematically Clarified The Chemical Constituents Of Cistanche
Jun 21, 2023
Cistanche deserticola Herba, also known as asparagus, goblin, cistanche, and large cloud, is an Orobanchaceae plant Cistanche deserticola deserticola Y.C.Ma or Cistanche tubulosa C Tubulosa (Schrenk) Light's dry fleshy stem with scaly leaves, mainly produced in Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Qinghai, and other regions; Warm in nature and sweet and salty in taste, it is an essential medicine for tonifying the kidneys, strengthening yang, and moistening the intestines and relieving constipation, earning the reputation of "desert ginseng".
Desert ginseng
Since the 1970s, scholars at home and abroad have begun to systematically study the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Cistanche plants. Up to now, nearly 100 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from Cistanche. In order to further clarify the pharmacological material basis of Cistanche deserticola and provide index compounds for its biological activity and quality control research, Tu Pengfei's team conducted a systematic study on the chemical constituents of Cistanche plants.
Cistanche deserticola experiment
The research results show that the main chemical components of Cistanche deserticola are: Phenethyl alcohol glycosides (PEG), Benzyl alcohol glycosides, Phenylpropene oligosaccharides, Iridoid and their glycosides, lignans and their glycosides, volatile components, phenolic glycosides, monoterpene glycosides, alkaloids, sugars, sugar alcohols, sterols, and other components.
Main Chemical Constituents of Cistanche deserticola
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Among them, Phenethyl alcohol glycosides (PEG) is one of the main active components of Cistanche plants, which is a class of compounds containing hydroxyl, Methoxy group substituted phenylmethyl and hydroxyl, Methoxy group substituted cinnamoyl, usually β- Glucose is a natural glycoside containing ester bond and oxygen glycoside bond, which is widely found in Dicotyledon. At present, 39 Phenethyl alcohol glycosides have been isolated from Cistanche deserticola deserticola, including 2 single glycosides, 23 double glycosides, and 14 triple glycosides. Phenethyl alcohol glycosides are mainly composed of Caffeic acid, Phenethyl alcohol aglycone, and sugar, including echinacoside, Verbascum thapsus glycoside, Cistanche deserticola glycoside A~I, echinacoside, isoergosteoside, 2 '- acetyl ergosteoside, acetonide, and hetero glycosides, 2' - acetyl leaf cohosh glycosides Salidroside, etc.
The chemical structure of Benzyl alcohol glycosides is similar to that of Phenethyl alcohol glycosides, and its aglycone part is the Benzyl alcohol group.
Main Chemical Constituents of Cistanche deserticola
Phenylpropene oligosaccharides are the parts of Phenethyl alcohol glycosides with Phenylpropene structure after the aglycone is removed. At present, there are 6 such compounds isolated from Cistanche plants. The sugar portion of this component is composed of β- D-glucopyranose and a-L Rhamnose are composed, and Rhamnose is 1 → 3 linked to glucose; Glucose is connected to coffee acyl or coumarin groups at position 4, and occasionally to glucose at position 6.
Iridoid and its glycosides are also the main chemical components of Cistanche plants. The Iridoid glycosides of Cistanche plants have the following characteristics: glucose is attached to one position; Bits 5 and 9 are β- H; Some at position 4 have carboxyl groups; Positions 6, 7, 8, or 10 often contain hydroxyl groups or lose hydroxyl groups to form double bonds or epoxy ether bonds.
Phenylethanol glycoside is the main active component of Cistanche deserticola
Domestic scholars have used GC-MS technology and Supercritical fluid extraction technology (SPE) to study the fat solubility and volatile oil components of Cistanche deserticola, which can be roughly divided into three categories: C16-C28 straight chain alkanes; There are three main components in ester compounds: Dibutyl phthalate, dibutyl sebacate, and dioctyl Phthalic acid; The oxygen and nitrogen-containing compounds with low relative molecular weight are mainly Syringol, followed by Vanillin and isoeugenol. In addition, Palmitic acid and Linoleic acid were also found.
In addition, there are phenolic glycosides, monoterpene glycosides, alkaloids, sugars, sugar alcohols, sterols, amino acids, and Mn, Fe, Zn, Sr, Ca, and other rich trace elements in Cistanche.
