Cistanche Protects Liver From Damages Caused By Excessive Drinking Of Alcohol

For more information:ali.ma@wecistanche.com

Protective effect of Cistanche Total Glycosides on alcoholic liver injury in mice

Luo Huiying, Liu Yuan, Xi Guozhu, Du Jiande

Department of Pharmacology, Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu

Chinese Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Chinese Pharmacological Society

Summary

Objective: To study the protective effect of Cistanche Total Glycosides on alcoholic liver injury in mice. Methods: 40 Kunming mice were randomly divided into blank group, model group, Cistanche Total Glycosides low-dose group (50 mg/kg), and high-dose group (100 mg/kg). Continuous intragastric administration for 4 weeks, Cistanche Total Glycosides 2 times a day and alcohol 1 time a day. After the time limit is reached, the mice are weighed, blood is taken from the orbital vein (artery), and serum is taken to test liver function indexes; the liver is taken and weighed to calculate the liver index; an appropriate amount of liver is cut The homogenate was prepared, and the relevant biochemical indicators were detected by the kit; the remaining liver was fixed with 10% formaldehyde for pathological examination. Results: After alcohol liver injury in mice, liver index and liver function index were significantly increased (P<0.05); the contents of TG, TC, malondialdehyde (MDA), and lipid peroxide (LPO) in liver tissue were significantly higher than those of blank Group (P <0.05); superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) activities were significantly reduced (P <0.05); pathological examination found liver tissue Inflammatory infiltration and fatty vacuoles appear. Cistanche Total Glycosides can significantly improve these phenomena, manifested by reducing liver index and liver function index (P<0.05), reducing the content of TG, TC, MDA, and LPO in liver tissue (F<0.05), and enhancing SOD, GSH-Px and CAT Activity (P <0.05), reduce the inflammatory infiltration of liver tissue and the production of fatty vacuoles. Among them, the effect of high-dose Cistanche Total Glycosides is more obvious. Conclusion: Cistanche Total Glycosides may reduce the generation of free radicals and enhance the ability to scavenge free radicals and their metabolites, thereby inhibiting lipid peroxidation and playing a protective role against alcoholic liver injury.

Click to cistanche extract benefits and  Cistanche  products

Keywords: Cistanche, Cistanche Total Glycosides; alcoholic liver injury; liver function; lipid peroxidation

Alcoholic liver injury refers to liver diseases caused by long-term heavy drinking or alcohol-containing beverages, including mild alcoholic liver disease, alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, alcoholic liver fibrosis, and alcoholic liver cirrhosis. In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, alcoholism has increased, and global alcohol consumption has risen rapidly, accompanied by an increase in various alcohol-related diseases. Alcoholic liver injury is one of the important problems. Studies have shown that Cistanche glycosides can enhance the body's immune function, anti-aging, anti-radiation, anti-oxidation, anti-lipid peroxidation and protective effect on alcoholic liver damage"4]. Substances are the main active substances of sienna. This experiment will preliminarily explore the protective effect of sirens on experimental alcoholic liver injury in mice.

1 Material and methods

1.1 Drugs and reagents Total Glycosides from Cistanche, dark brown powder, obtained by the School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University according to the method of Japanese literature [Public Patent Publication (A) Zhao 63-198627], extracted from desert meat, containing 88.6% of total phenethyl alcohol. Dissolve in double-distilled water and dilute to the required concentration; NS, 50% alcohol, provided by the Experimental Center of Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine; related test kits were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Institute of Bioengineering, the batch numbers are: malondialdehyde (MDA, 20091724) ), lipid peroxide (LPO, 20090132), superoxide dismutase (SOD, 20096021), glutathione reductase (GSH-Px, 20097712), catalase (CAT, 20092130) o

1.2 Animals and main instruments 40 Kunming mice, half male and half male, weighing 18 ~ 22 g, provided by the Animal Center of Lanzhou University School of Medicine, animal certificate: 21-223O The main instruments are SFY3-400 automatic biochemical detector ( Tianjin Jinbeier Technology Co., Ltd.), 721 visible light spectrophotometer (Shanghai Tingzheng Instrument Technology Co., Ltd.), etc.

1.3 Animal Grouping and Administration Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely: blank group (equivalent NS + equal NS), model group (equivalent NS + 50% alcohol 10mUkg), low-dose group (Cistanche Glycoside 50 mg /kg + 50% alcohol 10 mUkg), high-dose group (100 mg/kg 50% alcohol 10 mUkg), intragastric administration, Cistanche Glycosides twice a day, alcohol once a day, 4 consecutive weeks.

1.4 Tissue sample collection 4 hours after the last administration, blood was taken from the orbital venous plexus, the serum was separated by centrifugation, and the liver function index was detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer; the liver was removed, weighed, and the liver index was calculated; cut an appropriate amount of liver and placed it in physiological Prepare the homogenate in saline, centrifuge at 800 r/min for 5 min, take the supernatant, and detect the content of MDA, LPO, and the activity of SOD.GSH-Px.CAT by colorimetry; the remaining liver is fixed with 10% formaldehyde for pathological examination.

1.5 Statistical processing The experimental data was processed with SPSS 10.0 software. It is expressed as mean ± standard deviation (G±s), and comparison between groups is performed by t-test. P<0.05 indicates that the difference is statistically significant.

2 results

2.1 The effect of Cistanche Total Glycosides on liver index and liver function indexes of alcohol-induced liver injury mice After alcohol injury, the liver index, ALT, AST, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of mice increased significantly (P <0.05), suggesting hepatocytes Damaged, the related indexes of the Cistanche glycosides administration group were significantly reduced, and the effect of the high-dose group was more obvious, see Table 1

Table 1 The effect of Cistanche Total Glycosides on liver index and liver function indexes of alcohol liver injury mice (x±s, »= 10)

2.2 The effects of Cistanche Total Glycosides on TG and TC in the liver tissues of mice with alcoholic liver injury were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.05), among which the major effect of TG and TC content is more obvious in the liver TG dose group after alcohol injury in mice (P<0.05).

Table 2 The effect of Cistanche Total Glycosides on TG and TC in liver tissue of mice with alcohol liver injury (x±s, «= 10)

2.3 The effect of Cistanche Total Glycosides on the contents of MDA and LPO and the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT in the liver tissues of mice with alcoholic liver injury. ); SOD.GSH-Px.CAT activity was significantly reduced (household <0.05); SOD. GSH-Px and CAT activities were enhanced in all administration groups (F <0.05).

Table 3 The effect of Cistanche Total Glycosides on the content of MDA.LPO and the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT in the liver tissues of mice with alcoholic liver injury (Ran ± s, n = 10)

2.4 The effect of Cistanche Total Glycosides on liver pathological changes in mice with alcoholic liver injury.

Chemical effects As can be seen from Figure 1, normal mouse liver tissue has clear boundaries of hepatocytes, complete and neat cell morphology (A). Fatty degeneration can be seen by alcohol, but the inflammatory infiltration is still obvious (C). All these pathological changes were basically improved in the high-dose group.

After sperm injury, the liver cells are no longer complete and uneven in size and the cells

It is manifested as reduced inflammatory infiltration and clear cell boundaries.

3 Discussion

Since the in-depth study of the pathogenesis of the alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in the 1980s, it has been confirmed that ethanol has direct hepatotoxicity. The toxic metabolites produced by ethanol metabolism in liver cells and the metabolic disorders caused are the main causes of alcoholic liver injury. In addition, the damaging effect of free radicals, the mechanism of apoptosis, inflammatory mediators, and The role of cytokines, as well as malnutrition, choline deficiency, etc. are considered to be the primary cause of ALD (6).

ALT, AST, and ALP mainly exist in the cytoplasm of liver cells. When the liver is substantially damaged, intracellular transaminase enters the blood and increases serum activity [7-8'131, so transaminase is a sensitive sign of liver cell damage. In this experiment, the liver index and liver function indexes (ALT, AST, ALP) of mice increased after alcohol injury, and different degrees of pathological changes occurred at the same time. Cistanche Total Glycosides can reduce liver index and liver function indexes, The liver pathological damage caused by it has a better-alleviating effect, suggesting the protective effect of the total extract of meat limbs on experimental alcoholic liver injury.

The damage of ethanol to the liver mainly comes from two parts. One is the direct impact of ethanol on the liver: ethanol directly damages tissues and cells, and ethanol can convert 2 molecules of NADU oxidized coenzymes into NADH during liver metabolism. Reduced coenzyme work), obviously changes the ratio of NADH/DAD, changes the redox state of cells, and has a wide range of effects on glucose synthesis, lipid metabolism, and protein secretion. The second is the toxicity of the ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde to the liver: reducing the liver’s ability to oxidize fatty acids; damaging mitochondria and inhibiting the acid cycle; affecting the microtubule system of the liver and pancreas, reducing the secretion of micro proteins, causing lipids and proteins in the liver Deposition in the cell; combined with the cell membrane, changing its permeability and fluidity, resulting in damage to liver cells. In addition, alcohol passes through cytochrome P450HE (KCYP2EI) in liver cells and undergoes oxidation with the participation of iron ions, producing excessive oxygen stress products, such as OH" '02-, H2O2, and other free radicals. These free radicals can directly damage Liver cells can activate phospholipase and lipid peroxidation, reduce the content of membrane phospholipids, change its permeability and fluidity, thereby changing the microenvironment of membrane-bound enzymes, receptors, and ion channels until it affects its functions: 2-Tian. In recent years, studies have found that acetaldehyde can mobilize subcutaneous fatty acids to transfer into the liver, resulting in an increase in the content of TG in the liver, and gradually forming fatty liver; LPO can reflect the speed and intensity of lipid peroxidation in the body. MDA is lipid peroxidation. Oxidized metabolites, so the determination of the content of MDA, TG, TC can often reflect the degree of lipid peroxidation in the body. GSH-Px.SOD and CAT are important enzymes for the body to scavenge free radicals and are also the key to the biological defense system. Enzymes play an important role in the fight against alcoholic liver injury. ⑻ In this experiment, the MDA, LPO, TG, TC content in the liver tissue of mice in the model group, high-dose group, and low-dose group increased after alcohol injury Explains the different degrees of free radicals on liver damage, especially the model group; Cistanche Total Glycosides can reduce the content of TG, TC, MDA and LPO in the liver tissue of mice; enhance the activity of SOD, GSH-Px.CAT, and effectively reduce free radicals The production of alcohol can reduce lipid peroxidation damage, so as to achieve the protective effect of alcohol damage to liver tissue.

References

[1]Quanbo X, Shigetoshi K, Tadao T, et al. Antioxidative effects of phenylethanoids from Cistanche deserticola[ J]. Biol Phann Bull, 1996, 19(12):1580-1585.

[2]liwei L, Mingtsuen H, Fanhsiu T, et al. Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity caused by Cistanche deserticola in rodents[j]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2002, 83(3): 177 -182.

[3]Quanbo X, Yasuhiro T, Takuji K, et al. Inhibition of nitric oxide by phenylethanoids in activated macrophages [j]. Eur J Pharmacol, 2000, 400(1): 137-144.

[4] Adam M. Plant in vitro culture for the production of antioxidants [j]. Biotech Advances, 2008, 26(6): 548-560.

[5]Paula LH, Takeshi Y, Boris T, et al. Transgenic and gene "Knockout" models in alcohol research]j]. Alcoholism: Clin Exp Res, 2006,25(1):60-66.

[6]Yongke L, Arthur IC. CYP2E1 and oxidative liver injury by alcohol[j]. Free Radical Bio Med, 2008,44(5): 723-738.