Diabetes Control 12 Key Indicators, Drive Away Complications!
Oct 25, 2024
After many people are diagnosed with diabetes, they often feel confused and do not know where to start management. In fact, diabetes is not terrible, as long as you learn to "read" the body's signals, master some key health indicators, you can better control the disease, avoid complications.
Today we will talk about diabetes patients, and daily management to pay special attention to 12 health indicators.
Don't worry, these indicators are not complicated, and many of them are easily monitored on a daily basis. By understanding these indicators, you can not only better manage your blood sugar, but also prevent complications and improve your quality of life.
Click to CISTANCHE FOR KIDNEY DISEASE
12 important indicators of diabetes control [1-2]
Diabetes, the most serious is likely to lead to a series of complications, such as heart disease, kidney disease, eye disease and so on. Therefore, people with diabetes need to always pay attention to their physical condition, especially some key health indicators. Let's talk about the 11 indicators that people with diabetes need to pay attention to, and see how many of them you meet?
1. Blood sugar levels
Fasting blood glucose
Fasting blood sugar is the blood sugar measured in the morning on an empty stomach. For people with diabetes, the ideal range for fasting blood glucose is 4.4-7.0 mmol/L. Non-fasting < 10.0mmol /L.
If the fasting blood sugar is too high, the body is not controlling blood sugar well during the night and may need to adjust the diet or medication.
Blood sugar 2 hours after a meal 2-hour postprandial blood sugar is measured 2 hours after eating. The ideal postprandial blood sugar should be controlled between 7.8 and 10.0 mmol/L. If blood sugar is too high after a meal, the body is not processing the sugar in the food well and may need to reduce the intake of carbohydrates.
Hemoglobin a1c (HbA1c)
Hemoglobin A1C is a measure of your average blood sugar level over the past 2-3 months, which is like a "long-term report card" that tells your doctor how well your blood sugar has been controlled in recent months.
The target value of HbA1c in diabetic patients should be controlled below 7.0%.
2. Blood Pressure
Blood pressure control in people with diabetes is very important because high blood pressure increases the risk of heart disease, kidney disease and stroke. The ideal blood pressure should be controlled below 130/80 mmHg. If your blood pressure is too high, it may need to be regulated with medication, diet and exercise.
3. Blood fat
Blood lipids include cholesterol and triglycerides. The goals of lipid control in diabetic patients are:
Total cholesterol < 4.5 mmol/L
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) : <2.6 mmol/L (without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease); <1.8mmol/L (with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease)
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) : >1.0 mmol/L for men and >1.3 mmol/L for women
Triglyceride (TG) : <1.7 mmol/L
Too much blood fat increases the risk of hardening of the arteries, which can lead to heart disease and stroke.
4. Weight and body Mass index (BMI)
Excess weight can increase insulin resistance, making blood sugar difficult to control.
Body mass index (BMI) is a common measure of a healthy weight
The formula is: BMI = weight (kg) ÷ height (m) squared.
The ideal BMI range is 18.5 to 24.0. If your BMI is over 25, it is recommended to lose weight through diet and exercise.
Step 5 Waistline
Waist circumference is an important indicator of abdominal fat accumulation. Excess belly fat can increase insulin resistance and lead to elevated blood sugar. The ideal waist size is:
Male: <90 cm
Female: <85 cm
If your waistline is too large, it indicates that you have too much belly fat and may need to reduce fat through exercise and diet.
6. Kidney function
People with diabetes are prone to kidney problems, so it is important to check kidney function regularly. Common indicators of renal function include urinary microalbumin and serum creatinine.
Do a routine urine test and focus on urinary microalbumin (albuminuria) indicators.
Urinary microalbumin is an early indicator of kidney damage, and the ideal value should be <30 mg/24 hours. 24-hour urinary albumin excretion in the range of 30-300mg, can be called microalbuminuria, indicating that the kidney may have been damaged, the need for timely intervention.
For blood tests, creatinine is a common indicator of glomerular filtration function. The normal reference range for serum creatinine is 53-106 μmol/L for men and 44-97 μmol/L for women.
For a more comprehensive assessment of kidney function, an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is also often calculated to better reflect the actual function of the kidney.
eGFR: Normal values are usually greater than 90 mL/min/1.73㎡. When eGFR is below 60 mL/min/1.73㎡, it indicates that renal function may be impaired.
Blood creatinine is measured directly, whereas eGFR is calculated by a formula.
7. Fundus examination
People with diabetes are prone to diabetic retinopathy, a condition in which blood vessels under the eyes are damaged and can lead to blindness in severe cases.
It is recommended that patients with diabetes undergo an annual fundus examination, especially those with a longer course of disease. If retinopathy is found, it should be treated promptly.
8. Foot examination
The feet of people with diabetes are prone to ulcers and infections, which can lead to amputation in severe cases. Therefore, it is very important to check your feet regularly.
It is recommended to check the foot every day, if you find a problem, you should see a doctor in time:
Whether the skin of the foot is red, swollen, broken, ulcers, infections, dryness, cracks, etc.
Whether the blood flow in the foot is normal, whether there is arteriosclerosis or narrowing of the blood vessels.
Whether the foot feels normal, whether there are numbness, tingling and other symptoms.
9. Liver function
People with diabetes are prone to fatty liver disease, so it is also important to check liver function regularly. Commonly used liver function indicators include alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST).
The ideal ALT and AST values should be <40 U/L. If liver function is abnormal, diet and medication may need to be adjusted.
10. Uric Acid
Uric acid is a product of purine metabolism in the body, and high uric acid can lead to gout. Uric acid levels in people with diabetes should be controlled to <420 μmol/L in men and <360 μmol/L in women.
If uric acid is too high, it may be necessary to reduce the intake of high-purine foods, such as animal offal, seafood, etc.
11. Electrocardiogram
People with diabetes are prone to heart problems, so it is important to have regular ECG tests.
An electrocardiogram can help doctors find out if there are any abnormalities in the heart, such as irregular heartbeat and myocardial ischemia.
If the ECG is abnormal, further examination and treatment may be required.
12. Peripheral neuropathy
People with diabetes are prone to peripheral neuropathy, which is a common complication of diabetes and mainly presents as numbness, tingling, burning sensation and loss of sensation in the extremities. Peripheral neuropathy examination mainly includes:
Nerve conduction Velocity (NCV)
The normal nerve conduction speed is: motor nerve: 50-60 m/s, sensory nerve: 40-50 m/s
If the nerve conduction speed is slowed down, it may indicate nerve damage and diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Needle electromyography (EMG)
Through needle electrodes inserted into the muscle, the electrical activity of the muscle during resting and contracting is recorded.
Under normal circumstances, the muscles should have no electrical activity at rest, and there should be regular electrical activity when contracting. Spontaneous electrical activity in the resting state, or abnormal electrical activity during contraction, may indicate nerve or muscle disease.
How Does Cistanche Treat Kidney Disease?
Cistanche is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used for centuries to treat various health conditions, including kidney disease. It is derived from the dried stems of Cistanche deserticola, a plant native to the deserts of China and Mongolia. The main active components of cistanche are phenylethanoid glycosides, echinacoside, and acteoside, which have been found to have beneficial effects on kidney health.
Kidney disease, also known as renal disease, refers to a condition in which the kidneys are not functioning properly. This can result in a buildup of waste products and toxins in the body, leading to various symptoms and complications. Cistanche may help treat kidney disease ase through several mechanisms.
Firstly, cistanche has been found to have diuretic properties, meaning it can increase urine production and help eliminate waste products from the body. This can help relieve the burden on the kidneys and prevent the buildup of toxins. By promoting diuresis, cistanche may also help Reduce high blood pressure, a common complication of kidney disease.
Moreover, cistanche has been shown to have antioxidant effects. Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the body's antioxidant defenses, plays a key role in the progression of kidney disease. ies help neutralize free radicals and reduce Oxidative stress, thereby protecting the kidneys from damage. The phenylethanoid glycosides found in cistanche have been particularly effective in scavenging free radicals and inhibiting lipid peroxidation.
Additionally, cistanche has been found to have anti-inflammatory effects. Inflammation is another key factor in the development and progression of kidney disease. Cistanche's anti-inflammatory properties help reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibit the activation of inflammation mandatory pathways, thus alleviating inflammation in the kidneys.
Furthermore, cistanche has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects. In kidney disease, the immune system can be dysregulated, leading to excessive inflammation and tissue damage. Cistanche helps regulate the immune response by modulating the production and activity of immune cells, such as T cells and macrophages. This immune regulation helps reduce inflammation and prevent further damage to the kidneys.
Moreover, cistanche has been found to improve renal function by promoting the regeneration of renal tubes with cells. Renal tubular epithelial cells play a crucial role in the filtration and reabsorption of waste products and electrolytes. In kidney disease, these cells can be damaged, leading to damaged renal function. Cistanche's ability to promote the regeneration of these cells helps restore proper renal function and improve overall kidney health.
In addition to these direct effects on the kidneys, cistanche has been found to have beneficial effects on other organs and systems in the body. This holistic approach to health is particularly important in kidney disease, as the condition often affects multiple organs and systems. che has been shown to have protective effects on the liver, heart, and blood vessels, which are commonly affected by kidney disease. By promoting the health of these organs, cistanche helps improve overall kidney function and prevent further complications.
In conclusion, cistanche is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used for centuries to treat kidney disease. Its active components have diuretic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and regenerative effects, which help improve renal function and protect the kidneys from further damage. , cistanche has beneficial effects on other organs and systems, making it a holistic approach to treating kidney disease.
