Six Factors Inducing Uremia And Early Symptoms Got To Be Identified

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No matter what kind of disease it is, it is very important to find the cause of the disease. These have a great relationship with whether you will get sick in the future. What factors will cause uremia? Below we invite professional nephrology experts to give you a specific introduction, let's understand together.

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How is uremia caused:

① Various types of primary glomerulonephritis: membranous proliferative nephritis, rapidly progressive nephritis, membranous nephritis, focal glomerulosclerosis, etc., if no voluntary and effective treatment is available, it will eventually lead to uremia.

② Secondary to systemic diseases: such as hypertension and arteriosclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, allergic purpura nephritis, diabetes, gout, etc., can stimulate uremia.

③ Chronic renal infectious diseases: such as chronic pyelonephritis, can also cause uremia.

④ Chronic urinary tract obstruction: such as kidney stones, bilateral ureteral stones, narrow urinary tract, prostatic hypertrophy, tumors, etc., are also one of the causes of uremia.

⑤ Congenital kidney diseases: such as polycystic kidney disease, hereditary nephritis, and their respective congenital renal tubular dysfunction, etc., can also cause uremia.

⑥Other factors: such as taking nephrotoxic drugs, and losing weight without the ultimate goal, may stimulate uremia.

Uremia experts point out that the most qualitative way to prevent uremia is early detection and early treatment of early kidney disease. In the oliguria stage of acute renal failure, the 24-hour urine volume is less than 400m1, there may be a small amount of protein in the urine, and the osmolarity of the urine component is usually 280 to 300 mOsm/kg. Urine sodium content is often greater than 40 ml equivalent/L. Generally, the concentration of urea in urine is about 12 to 15 times that of serum urea, but only 2 to 3 times in uremia. In the polyuria stage of acute renal failure, the urine output can reach 35L/day.

In the uremic stage of chronic renal failure, the urine output can be very small, normal, or even increased. Whether or not there is a protein in the urine depends primarily on the underlying disease. The osmotic pressure concentration of the urine component can be very low, the urine sodium concentration can be 40-90 milliequivalent/L, and the urea concentration in urine is often less than 10 times that of the serum urea concentration. Chronic renal failure enters the end stage, and the protein content in the urine can be very small, the urine volume very small, or even no urine.

What are the symptoms of uremia?

There are no symptoms in the early stage of uremia, and patients may only have symptoms of dizziness and fatigue. However, with the development of uremia, comprehension and memory loss, restlessness, muscle tremors, and convulsions may occur; finally, it may develop into apathy, lethargy, and coma. This is because the accumulation of certain toxic substances causes degeneration of nerve cells and disturbance of electrolyte and acid-base balance. See what a nephrologist has to say.

Nervous system problems are the most common characteristic phenomenon in patients with uremia. When the function of the central nervous system of patients with uremia is impaired, the patient will experience loss of appetite or indigestion. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea may occur as the condition worsens. Patients are often complicated by gastrointestinal bleeding, renal hypertension, acidosis, hyperkalemia, sodium and water retention, and anemia. Heart failure, arrhythmias, and myocardial damage can occur. In patients with uremia, the phenomenon of impaired glucose tolerance appears in the early stage, and the body does not absorb sugar. On the epidermal skin, the symptoms of uremia are itchy skin, which is a bit like the performance of tinea. The patient's skin was dry, scaling, and tan. Changes in skin color were previously thought to be due to increased urea pigment, but with an absorption spectrophotometer, it was proved that the skin pigment was mainly melanin. On exposed skin, minor bruising can cause skin bruising. Because sweat contains a higher concentration of urea, there are white crystals of urea at the openings of the sweat glands, called urea cream. Severe uremia often presents with symptoms of heart failure. Pulmonary edema, fibrinous pleurisy, or pulmonary calcification may occur. Pulmonary edema is related to the effects of factors such as heart failure, hypoalbuminemia, and sodium and water retention. Fibrillation pleurisy is inflammation caused by urea stimulation; pulmonary calcification is caused by the deposition of calcium phosphate in the lung tissue.

Several precautions in the treatment of uremia

As long as kidney disease is mentioned, many people think it is a small problem, but once it evolves into kidney failure - uremia, people are as afraid of it as nephritis. Kidney damage can occur at any age, and common acute nephritis, chronic nephritis, urinary tract infections, etc. So, what problems should be paid attention to while treating uremia? Below, experts on the treatment of uremia have made an introduction.

1) Actively prevent and treat primary diseases to prevent the continued destruction of the renal parenchyma.

2) The renal function of patients with chronic renal failure is mainly maintained by the remaining intact nephrons. Any factor that increases the burden on the kidneys can aggravate renal failure; therefore, the harmful factors that induce the deterioration of renal function should be actively eliminated, such as infection control, reduction of hypertension, etc. In addition, water and electrolyte disturbances should be corrected, and acidosis should be corrected to maintain the stability of the internal environment.

3) When uremia occurs in patients with renal failure, rescue measures should be taken to maintain the stability of the internal environment. Commonly used measures are peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis (artificial kidney), and so on. Homologous renal transplantation can also be performed to replace the diseased kidney when necessary and possible.

4) Traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine have their own strengths, but Western medicine does not have a particularly good method for treating various kidney diseases such as nephritis, uremia, renal failure, polycystic kidney disease, and hydronephrosis. Western medicine hormones and other drugs have limited therapeutic effects, The side effects are great but not ideal, the disease is repeated, only indicators can not cure the root cause, the patient suffers, and many complications will occur in the long run; dialysis is used to treat uremia, renal failure, and other diseases, which will cause the kidneys and other organs to gradually shrink for a long time. failure; eventually a kidney needs to be transplanted, and the survival period is also limited. In addition, kidney transplantation is affected by factors such as rejection.

5) Side effects of hormone drugs: 1. The body becomes fat; 2. It can cause osteoporosis and necrosis of the femoral head; 3. The body's resistance decreases blood sugar rises, corticosteroid signs, peptic ulcer, electrolyte imbalance, etc.

6) Hormones and immunosuppressants have certain effects on sexual function. Long-term, high-dose use of corticosteroids such as prednisone will aggravate the degree of sexual dysfunction. Almost all immune preparations can cause testicular atrophy and ovary damage, resulting in reduced or disappearance of spermatogenesis, loss of libido, and impotence.